Creative Commons Attribution LicenseGovender, IndiraKarat, Aaron S.Olivier, StephenBaisley, KathyBeckwith, PeterDayi, NjabuloDreyer, JacoGareta, DickmanGunda, ResignKielmann, KarinaKoole, OlivierMhlongo, NgceboModise, TshwaraganangMoodley, SashenMpofana, XolileNdung’u, ThumbiPillay, DeenanSiedner, Mark J.Smit, TheresaSurujdeen, AshmikaWong, Emily B.Grant, Alison D.2021-12-142021-12-142022-01-12Govender, I., Karat, A.S., Olivier, S., Baisley, K., Beckwith, P., Dayi, N., Dreyer, J., Gareta, D., Gunda, R., Kielmann, K., Koole, O., Mhlongo, N., Modise, T., Moodley, S., Mpofana, X., Ndung’u, T., Pillay, D., Siedner, M.J., Smit, T., Surujdeen, A., Wong, E.B. and Grant, A.D. (2022) ‘Prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum and reported symptoms among clinic attendees compared with a community survey in rural south africa’, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 75(2), pp. 314–322. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab970.1537-65911058-4838https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/11626https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab970From Crossref journal articles via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: epub 2021-12-03, issued 2021-12-03Background Tuberculosis (TB) case finding efforts typically target symptomatic people attending health facilities. We compared the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) sputum culture-positivity among adult clinic attendees in rural South Africa with a concurrent, community-based estimate from the surrounding demographic surveillance area (DSA). Methods Clinic: Randomly-selected adults (≥18 years) attending two primary healthcare clinics were interviewed and requested to give sputum for mycobacterial culture. HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) status were based on self-report and record review. Community: All adult (≥15 years) DSA residents were invited to a mobile clinic for health screening, including serological HIV testing; those with ≥1 TB symptom (cough, weight loss, night sweats, fever) or abnormal chest radiograph were asked for sputum. Results Clinic: 2,055 patients were enrolled (76.9% female, median age 36 years); 1,479 (72.0%) were classified HIV-positive (98.9% on ART) and 131 (6.4%) reported ≥1 TB symptom. Of 20/2,055 (1.0% [95% CI 0.6–1.5]) with Mtb culture-positive sputum, 14 (70%) reported no symptoms. Community: 10,320 residents were enrolled (68.3% female, median age 38 years); 3,105 (30.3%) tested HIV-positive (87.4% on ART) and 1,091 (10.6%) reported ≥1 TB symptom. Of 58/10,320 (0.6% [95% CI 0.4–0.7]) with Mtb culture-positive sputum, 45 (77.6%) reported no symptoms. In both surveys, sputum culture positivity was associated with male sex and reporting >1 TB symptom. Conclusions In both clinic and community settings, most participants with Mtb culture-positive sputum were asymptomatic. TB screening based only on symptoms will miss many people with active disease in both settings.A correction has been published: Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciac244, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac244 An error appeared in the corrected proof publication of this article [Govender I, Karat AS, Olivier S, et al. Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sputum and Reported Symptoms Among Clinic Attendees Compared With a Community Survey in Rural South Africa. Clin Infect Dis https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab970]. The last line of the Financial support section currently states “The community survey was supported by the Wellcome Trust via a strategic award to AHRI (grant number 201433/Z/16/Z)”. The sentence should state “The community survey was supported by the Wellcome Trust via a strategic award to AHRI (grant number 201433/Z/16/A)”. The author regrets this error. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Infectious DiseasesMicrobiology (medical)Article2021-12-14