CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 InternationalLembani, Martinade Pinho, HelenDelobelle, PeterZarowsky, ChristinaAger, AlastairBlanchet, Karl2025-09-112025Lembani, M., de Pinho, H., Delobelle, P., Zarowsky, C. and Ager, A. (2025) ‘Health Service Resilience in the Context of Adversity: Case Studies from Three African Countries’, in K. Blanchet (ed.) Health system resilience: understanding complex adaptive systems. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/14871.003.0024.9780262381390https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/14397https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/14871.003.0024Alastair Ager - ORCID: 0000-0002-9474-3563 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9474-35631. A group model building (GMB) approach to systems mapping can assist stakeholders in identifying key factors influencing specific health challenges and the dynamics of their interconnection. 2. GMB has proved a useful process to identify leverage points to mobilize and coordinate resources to address public health challenges in the process of engagements among key stakeholders. 3. Systems modeling provides a mechanism to enable stakeholders to articulate a vivid picture of the interplay of key factors seen to influence response to a crisis. 4. The GMB methodology appears promising in adapting it to use in analyzing different health systems issues and in different contexts for consolidating insights from multiple stakeholders regarding factors supporting—or undermining—health systems resilience.en© 2025 Massachusetts Institute of Technology This work is subject to a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license. This license applies only to the work in full and not to any components included with permission. Subject to such license, all rights are reserved. No part of this book may be used to train artificial intelligence systems without permission in writing from the MIT Press.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0Book chapter