Browsing by Person "Brondi, Luciana"

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Common childhood infections and gender inequalities: A systematic review
(UNICEF, 2015-03) Nair, Harish; Campbell, Harry; Park, John Jungpa; Brondi, Luciana; Shi, Ting; Olsson, Sara; Hakim, Stephanie; Hsi, Tan; Rudan, Igor; Kirolos, Amir
Cooking fuel type, household ventilation, and the risk of acute lower respiratory illness in urban Bangladeshi children: A longitudinal study
(Wiley, 2011-11-12) Murray, E. L.; Brondi, Luciana; Kleinbaum, D.; McGowan, J. E.; Van Mels, C.; Brooks, W. A.; Goswami, D.; Ryan, P. B.; Klein, M.; Bridges, C. B.
Acute lower respiratory illnesses (ALRI) are the leading cause of death among children <5 years. Studies have found that biomass cooking fuels are an important risk factor for ALRI. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of natural household ventilation indicators on ALRI. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between cooking fuel, natural household ventilation, and ALRI. During October 17, 2004–September 30, 2005, children <5 years living in a low-income neighborhood of Dhaka, Bangladesh, were assessed weekly for ALRI and surveyed quarterly about biomass fuel use, electric fan ownership, and natural household ventilation (windows, ventilation grates, and presence of a gap between the wall and ceiling). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations. Six thousand and seventy-nine children <5 years enrolled during the study period (99% participation) experienced 1291 ALRI. In the multivariate model, ≥2 windows [OR = 0.75, 95% CI = (0.58, 0.96)], ventilation grates [OR = 0.80, 95% CI = (0.65, 0.98)], and not owning an electric fan [OR = 1.50, 95% CI = (1.21, 1.88)] were associated with ALRI; gap presence and using biomass fuels were not associated with ALRI. Structural factors that might improve household air circulation and exchange were associated with decreased ALRI risk. Improved natural ventilation might reduce ALRI among children in low-income families.
COVID-19 Antibody Survey of education Staff (CASS) survey results [Report]
(Public Health Scotland, 2020-12-16) Public Health Scotland; Brondi, Luciana
COVID-19 Antibody Survey of education Staff (CASS) uses blood tests to monitor the number of people working in education in Scotland who have coronavirus antibodies, and how this changes over the school year 2020/21.
A forum on the Zika virus
(2016-02-17) Abeysinghe, Sudeepa; Brondi, Luciana; Harper, Ian; Lesshafft, Hannah; Lowe, Lucy; Nading, Alex; Shum, Ting Ting
Healthcare workers' challenges in the implementation of tuberculosis infection prevention and control measures in Mozambique
(PLOS, 2014-12-25) Brouwer, Miranda; Coelho, Eliana; das Dores Mosse, Carla; Brondi, Luciana; Winterton, Laura; van Leth, Frank
Objective: Healthcare Workers (HCWs) have a higher frequency of TB exposure than the general population and have therefore an occupational TB risk that infection prevention and control (IPC) measures aim to reduce. HCWs are crucial in the implementation of these measures. The objective of the study was to investigate Mozambican HCWs’ perceptions of their occupational TB risk and the measures they report using to reduce this risk. In addition, we explored the challenges HCWs encounter while using these TBIPC measures. Methods: Focus group discussion. Analysis according content method. Participants: Four categories of HCWs: auxiliary workers, medical (doctors and clinical officers), nurses and TB program staff. Results: HCWs are aware of their occupational TB risk and use various measures to reduce their risk of infection. HCWs find it challenging to employ measures that minimize such risks and a lack of clear guidelines contributes to these challenges. HCWs’ and patient behavior further complicate the use of TBIPC measures. Conclusion: HCWs in Mozambique perceive a high occupational risk of TB infection. They report several challenges using measures to reduce this risk such as shortage of material, lack of clear guidelines, insufficient motivation and inadequate training. Robust training with motivational approaches, alongside supervision and support for HCWs could improve implementation of TBIPC measures. Healthcare management should address the areas for improvement that are beyond the individual HCW’s control.
Integrated Community Case Management (iCCM): Evidence Review Symposium [Meeting Report]
(2014-07-17) Rudan, Igor; Brondi, Luciana; Adeloye, Davies
Linking household and facility data for better coverage measures in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health care: Systematic review
(International Society of Global Health, 2016-09-03) Do, Mai; Micah, Angela; Brondi, Luciana; Campbell, Harry; Marchant, Tanya; Eisele, Thomas; Munos, Melinda
Background Currently many measures of intervention coverage obtained from household surveys do not measure actual health intervention/service delivery, resulting in a need for linking reports of care–seeking with assessments of the service environment in order to improve measurements. This systematic review aims to identify evidence of different methods used to link household surveys and service provision assessments, with a focus on reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health care, in low– and middle–income countries. Methods Using pre–defined search terms, articles published in peer– reviewed journals and the grey literature after 1990 were identified, their reference lists scanned and linking methods synthesized. Findings A total of 59 articles and conference presentations were carefully reviewed and categorized into two groups based on the linking method used: 1) indirect/ecological linking that included studies in which health care–seeking behavior was linked to all or the nearest facilities or providers of certain types within a geographical area, and 2) direct linking/exact matching where individuals were linked with the exact provider or facility where they sought care. The former approach was employed in 51 of 59 included studies, and was particularly common among studies that were based on independent sources of household and facility data that were nationally representative. Only eight of the 59 reviewed studies employed direct linking methods, which were typically done at the sub–national level (eg, district level) and often in rural areas, where the number of providers was more limited compared to urban areas. Conclusions Different linking methods have been reported in the literature, each category has its own set of advantages and limitations, in terms of both methodology and practicality for scale–up. Future studies that link household and provider/facility data should also take into account factors such as sources of data, the timing of surveys, the temporality of data points, the type of services and interventions, and the scale of the study in order to produce valid and reliable results.
Nosocomial infection profile at an university hospital
(2009) Nogueira, Paula Sacha Frota; Moura, Escolástica Rejane Ferreira; Costa, Marta Maria Freitas; Monteiro, Waldélia Maria Santos; Brondi, Luciana
This is a retrospective epidemiological documental study carried out at university hospital in Fortaleza,Ceará, Northeasten Brazil. Its main aim was to verify the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections, their types, causativepathogens, and profile of sensitivity of these pathogens to antibiotics. We analyzed 512 nosocomial infection notificationforms which occurred throughout 2007. The average annual prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 8.2%. The totalnumber of nosocomial infections included 149 (29.1%) records of pneumonia, 136 (26.6%) bloodstream infections,87(17%) urinary tract infections, 57 (11.1%) central catheter infections, and 47 ( 9.2%) surgical site infections. Majormicroorganisms encountered in these infections were as follows: Klebsiella pneumoniae (22%), Staphylococcus aureus(20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14%), Acinetobacter sp (13%), Escherichia coli (10%), Enterobacter sp (9%) andCandida sp. (9%). The antibiotic sensitivity profile of the two predominant pathogens included: Klebsiella pneumoniae(over 50% sensitivity to meropenem, imipenem, gentamicin, amikacin, piperacillin, and tazobactam), Staphylococcusaureus (resistant to erythromycin (66.0%), to oxacillin (77, 3%), and to penicillin (84.9%)).
Rainfall, household crowding, and acute respiratory infections in the tropics
(Cambridge University Press, 2011-03-04) Murray, E. L.; Klein, M.; Brondi, Luciana; McGowan, J. E., Jr.; Van Mels, C.; Brooks, W. A.; Kleinbaum, D.; Goswami, D.; Ryan, P. B.; Bridges, C. B.
Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the leading cause of death worldwide in children aged <5 years, and understanding contributing factors to their seasonality is important for targeting and implementing prevention strategies. In tropical climates, ARI typically peak during the pre-rainy and rainy seasons. One hypothesis is that rainfall leads to more time spent indoors, thus increasing exposure to other people and in turn increasing the risk of ARI. A case-crossover study design in 718 Bangladeshi children aged <5 years was used to evaluate this hypothesis. During a 3-month period with variable rainfall, rainfall was associated with ARI [odds ratio (OR) 2·97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·87–4·70]; some evidence of an increased strength of association as household crowding increased was found (⩾3 people/room, OR 3·31, 95% CI 2·03–5·38), but there was a lack of association in some of the most crowded households (⩾5 to <6 people/room, OR 1·55, 95% CI 0·54–4·47). These findings suggest that rainfall may be increasing exposure to crowded conditions, thus leading to an increased risk of ARI, but that additional factors not captured by this analysis may also play a role.
Review of the scientific literature on drivers and barriers of seasonal influenza coverage in the EU/EEA
(European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2013-11-13) Brondi, Luciana; Fisken, Sheila; Gorman, Dermot; Higgins, Martin; McCallum, Alison; McCormick, Duncan; Noori, Teymur
The rule of law in times of health crises [Report]
(Advocates for International Development, 2020) Beqiraj, Julinda; Brondi, Luciana; Gauci, Jean-Pierre; Weinberg, Nyasha
“We will pay the extra rupee to treat our son” - a conceptual framework explaining gender inequity in child health care utilization in South Asia [Oral Presentation]
(EASAS, 2016-06) Brondi, Luciana
Why are girls still dying unnecessarily? The need to address gender inequity in child health in the post–2015 development agenda
(International Society of Global Health, 2015-04-30) Park, John Jungpa; Brondi, Luciana
The 40–year anniversary of the United Nations ‘International Women’s Day,’ was celebrated on 8 March 2015. As we approach the end of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), we reflect on the gender debate that has arose amidst tackling MDG4 and highlight the need for greater gender equality in measuring child health outcomes in the post–MDG era in line with MDG 3
Zika vírus in the Americas: Time to stop ignoring neglected tropical diseases
(University of Edinburgh, 2021-07-01) Brondi, Luciana