Browsing by Person "Buchan, Duncan"

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The effects of text messaging interventions to improve physical activity and sedentary behaviour in youth: A systematic review
(International Society for Physical Activity and Health, 2018-10) Ludwig, Kim; Buchan, Duncan; Arthur, Rosie; Fountain, Hollie; Sculthorpe, Nicholas
Background: The use of text messages (SMS) to change health behaviours in youth is particularly interesting due to the need for novel, more effective intervention approaches. Previous reviews have examined the effect of technology-based interventions on health but evidence regarding the impact of just SMS on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) is missing. Thus, this systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of SMS interventions for improving PA and SB in youth. Methods: Authors systematically searched electronic databases. Citations were sifted and piloted forms used for data extraction. Eligible studies had to be of randomised controlled or quasi-experimental design, incorporate SMS, participants aged between 10 and 19 and at least one PA or SB outcome. Use of theory and risk of bias were also assessed. Results: Thirteen studies reporting on 11 interventions were eligible for inclusion. Interventions were conducted in schools, online or face-to-face. Studies were of high heterogeneity with regards to participant characteristics, intervention content and outcome measures. Findings were equivocal with regards to intervention effectiveness. Seven interventions resulted in an improvement for PA and six for SB. All studies were judged to be of high risk of bias for at least one item. Conclusions: This review shows promising results. However, due to high heterogeneity of design and outcome measures, conclusions as to which specific intervention elements are linked to increased effectiveness cannot be drawn. More rigorous studies are needed to explore the relationship between intervention effectiveness and specific components of SMS interventions, such as message content.
An insight into parent Involvement in Scottish Primary School Health Education activities
(International Society for Physical Activity and Health, 2018-10) Donnelly, Samantha; Buchan, Duncan; Gibson, Ann-Marie; Arthur, Rosie
Introduction: Childhood overweight and obesity is prevalent worldwide with Scottish children amongst the least active in the world. School-based physical activity interventions involving parents have found success, however limited research exists regarding the best methods to involve parents in these interventions. Socioeconomic status has been found to mediate parent involvement. Therefore, the aim of this study was to interview parents from a low socioeconomic status (SES) to gains insights into their involvement in school-based health activities. Methods: Parents (n = 132) were recruited from five schools. Parents (n = 24) were identified based on the following criteria; being the mother of the child, from a Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation decile 1 or 2 and scoring low on the Family Involvement Questionnaire- Elementary. Parents (n = 16) agreed to be interviewed. An inductive approach to hierarchical analysis was employed. Results: From the transcripts, 130 first-, 16 second-, and 6 third-order themes emerged. Whilst the influence of children and family can encourage parents to be involved in school-based activities, there are several barriers which result in them being less-involved. The importance of home-school relationships, and the efforts parents and schools play in encouraging parent involvement was evident. Discussion: It is clear that parents of low SES are less-involved in school-based activities. Barriers to their involvement include lack of confidence and additional responsibilities. Our findings indicate that many of these barriers can be overcome based on the recommendations within this study which can help inform future school-based interventions.
A qualitative exploration of parent perceptions and involvement within school-based physical activity and health and wellbeing activities
(British Psychological Society, 2017-12-11) Donnelly, Samantha; Arthur, Rosie; Buchan, Duncan; Gibson, Ann-Marie
Objectives Physical activity and health interventions involving both schools and parents have potential to be effective. However, little is known about the most effective methods to encourage parent involvement in such interventions. Therefore, this study was undertaken to obtain parent perceptions of current school-based physical activity and health practices, informing the design of future school-based interventions in Scotland involving parents. Design Parents (n=11) were recruited from two primary schools in Scotland, participating in a focus group (n=7), telephone interviews (n=2) and face-to-face interviews (n=2). Methods An inductive Social Constructivist analytical approach was taken, which developed explanations and ideas surrounding parent involvement in health and wellbeing, rather than examining pre-conceived themes or hypotheses. Results Parents highlighted positive school-based health activities such as the variety of sports clubs provided whilst raising concerns including aspects of; playtime physical activity levels and walk-to-school initiatives. This study also highlighted barriers to parental involvement in school health and wellbeing activities, not previously seen in research, such as; health and safety issues, issues regarding the relationship between parents and schools, and social anxieties. Furthermore, recommendations to improve parental involvement in these activities included; improving parent-school communication, increasing parent-led activities and varying the timing of events. Conclusions The findings from this study indicate that altering school practices and improving parent-school communication could be effective ways to increase parent involvement in school-based health and physical activity interventions.
Recruiting older men to walking football: A pilot feasibility study
(Elsevier, 2018-12-11) McEwan, Gary; Buchan, Duncan; Cowan, Daryl; Arthur, Rosie; Sanderson, Mark; Macrae, Eilidh
Context Walking football (soccer) has recently emerged as a physical activity option targeted at older males to enhance health and wellbeing. Design This pilot study aimed to examine the feasibility of recruiting and retaining males aged 50 years and over to an 8-week walking football programme in a professional football club. Intervention Participants were recruited via social media and assigned to an intervention group or a wait-list control group. The intervention group engaged in 1 h of walking football a week led by a community coach from the professional football club, followed by an optional social session in the club facility. Physiological and psychological outcome measures were obtained onsite at the football club facility (aiding compliance and retention) at baseline and following 8-weeks, from both groups. Semi-structured interviews were conducted after the 8-week programme and 1 year later, to explore motivations for engagement and the social impact. Results The opportunity to engage in football and the link to a professional football club were key attractions. All participants recruited were overweight, sedentary, exhibited blood pressures outside normal ranges, and all but two were hypertensive. Adherence to the programme was 90% over 8 weeks, and of the participants who were contacted after one year, all (n = 6) had maintained engagement in walking football. Walking football is therefore a feasible, cost-effective method of recruiting and retaining males aged 50 years and over to a physical activity programme, though attrition is to be expected.
Wear compliance, sedentary behaviour and activity in freeliving children from hip-and wrist-mounted ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer
(International Society for Physical Activity and Health, 2018-10) McLellan, Gillian; Buchan, Duncan; Arthur, Rosie
This study examined the compliance of children wearing wrist- and hipmounted ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers and compared estimates of sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA). One hundred and eighty-eight 9-12-year-old children wore a wrist- and hip-mounted accelerometer for 7 days. Data were available for 160 (hip) and 161 (wrist) participants. Compliance was analysed using 9 different wear-time criteria. Output comparisons were compared against one weartime criteria (any 4 days at 10-hours per day). Time spent in SB and PA was calculated using R-package GGIR. Wear-time for the wrist (15.6 to 17.4 h.d−1 ) was significantly greater than the hip (15.2 to 16.8 h.d−1 ) across all wear-time criteria (all P < 0.05). Moderate-strong associations were found between time spent in SB (r = 0.39), LPA (r = 0.33), MPA (r = 0.99), VPA (r = 0.82) and MVPA (r = 0.81) between the two device placements (All P < 0.001). The wrist device detected more minutes in LPA, MPA, VPA and MVPA whereas the hip detected more minutes in SB (all P = 0.001). Estimates of time in SB and all activity outcomes from the wrist and hip lacked equivalence. The GT3X+ when worn at the wrist promotes greater compliance than at the hip. Minutes in SB and PA calculated from raw accelerations at the hip and wrist provide contrasting estimates and cannot be directly compared. Further calibration and correction factors may facilitate the comparison of findings in studies that estimate time spent in SB and PA intensities captured from the wrist and hip.