Browsing by Person "Crampin, Lisa"

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An electropalatographic investigation of middorsum palatal stops in an adult with repaired cleft palate.
(Allen Press Incorporated, 2001-03) Gibbon, Fiona; Crampin, Lisa
Objective: Middorsum palatal stops are compensatory articulations that occur relatively frequently in cleft palate speech. This study used electropalatographic (EPG) and acoustic data to investigate /t/ and /k/ targets produced as middorsum palatal stops ([c]) by an adult with an articulation disorder associated with a repaired cleft palate. Results: Two novel observations were made from the instrumental data. First, although /t/ and /k/ targets were judged by phonetically trained listeners as homophonous (i.e., both produced as [c]), the EPG data revealed that the place of articulation for the [c] produced for /t/ was more anterior than the place of articulation for the [c] produced for /k/. Second, production of palatal stops involved lateral release followed by a variable period of lateral friction. Measurements made from the instrumental data quantified the temporal extent of lateral friction during the aspiration period. Conclusions: These observations merit further systematic investigation in cleft palate speech, and the procedures reported in this study are considered appropriate for such future research.
Articulatory placement for /t/, /d/, /k/ and / / targets in school age children with speech disorders associated with cleft palate.
(Taylor & Francis, 2004) Gibbon, Fiona; Ellis, Lucy; Crampin, Lisa
This study used electropalatography (EPG) to identify place of articulation for lingual plosive targets /t/, /d/, /k/ and / / in the speech of 15 school age children with repaired cleft palate. Perceptual judgements indicated that all children had correct velar placement for /k/, / / targets, but /t/, /d/ targets were produced as errors involving palatalization or velar placement. An EPG classification scheme identified alveolar, palatal and velar placement. Articulations involving contact in alveolar and velar regions simultaneously were identified as alveolar velar double articulations (AVDAs). The classification revealed that AVDAs were relatively frequent, with 28% of alveolar and 12% of velar targets affected, and ten out of the 15 children produced one or more of these abnormal articulations. The majority of children had variable placements, with alveolar more variable than velar targets. The positive finding from the EPG data revealed that most children with perceptual errors for /t/, /d/ were able to make closure in the alveolar region during at least some of their attempts to articulate these targets. It is argued that appropriate analysis and interpretation of EPG data provide clinically relevant information about tongue placement in cleft palate speech.
Clicks Produced as Compensatory Articulations in Two Adolescents With Velocardiofacial Syndrome
(2008-07) Gibbon, Fiona; Lee, Alice; Yuen, Ivan; Crampin, Lisa
Objective: To report perceptual and dynamic articulatory electropalatography data on clicks produced as compensatory articulations by two adolescents (S1 and S2) with velocardiofacial syndrome and velopharyngeal dysfunction. Results: The perceptual analysis showed that both speakers produced click substitutions for English targets /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/, and S2 additionally produced clicks for /p/, /b/, and /tsh/, /d3/. The adolescents produced a range of clicks, which varied in placement (bilabial, dental, alveolar, palatal), voicing (voiced, voiceless), and nasality (nasal, nonnasal). Measurements from the electropalatography data for lingual clicks revealed two articulatory closures, one in the anterior and another in the posterior region of the hard palate. The data revealed how the two closures were timed precisely to produce the click sound. The clicks involved a complex and highly coordinated sequence of tongue maneuvers similar to clicks in some southern African languages. Conclusions: Clicks are interpreted as compensatory articulations enabling some speakers with velopharyngeal dysfunction to produce plosive and affricate sounds with perceptually salient acoustic bursts in the oral cavity. Clicks as compensatory articulations merit further systematic investigation, and the procedures reported in this study are considered appropriate for such research.
The impact of real-time articulatory information on phonetic transcription: Ultrasound-aided transcription in cleft lip and palate speech
(Karger, 2019-05-24) Cleland, Joanne; Lloyd, Susan; Campbell, Linsay; Crampin, Lisa; Palo, Pertti; Sugden, Eleanor; Wrench, Alan A.; Zharkova, Natalia
Objective: This study investigated whether adding an additional modality, namely ultrasound tongue imaging, to perception-based phonetic transcription impacted on the identification of compensatory articulations and on interrater reliability. Patients and Methods: Thirty-nine English-speaking children aged 3 to 12 with cleft lip and palate (CLP) were recorded producing repetitions of /aCa/ for all places of articulation with simultaneous audio and probe-stabilised ultrasound. Three types of transcriptions were performed: 1. Descriptive observations from the live ultrasound by the clinician recording the data; 2. Ultrasound-aided transcription by two ultrasound-trained clinicians; and 3. Traditional phonetic transcription by two CLP specialists from audio recording. We compared the number of consonants identified as in error by each transcriber and then classified errors into eight different subcategories. Results: Both the ultrasound-aided and traditional transcriptions yielded similar error-detection rates, however these were significantly higher than the observations recorded live in the clinic. Interrater reliability for the ultrasound transcribers was substantial (k=0.65), compared to moderate (k=0.47) for the traditional transcribers. Ultrasound-aided transcribers were more likely to identify covert errors such as double articulations and retroflexion than the audio-only transcribers. Conclusion: Ultrasound-tongue imaging is a useful complement to traditional phonetic transcription for CLP speech.
Labial-Lingual Double Articulations in Speakers With Cleft Palate.
(Allen Press, 2002-01) Gibbon, Fiona; Crampin, Lisa
Objective: Labial-lingual double articulations (LLDAs) are speech errors involving simultaneous valving at the lips and in the linguapalatal region. This study investigates the frequency of LLDAs occurring for /p/, /b/, and /m/ targets and describes the linguapalatal contact patterns involved in these abnormal articulations. Design: A retrospective study involving analysis of articulatory data from all speakers with cleft palate recorded at a research center over a 10-year period. Participants: Twenty-seven speakers aged 5 to 62 years (median 11 years) with compensatory speech errors associated with repaired cleft palate. Measures: The lingual component of LLDAs was identified using electropalatography (EPG). EPG data were recorded simultaneously with acoustic data. Fifteen bilabial targets (/p/, /b/, /m/) per participant were analyzed. LLDAs were identified in cases where complete linguapalatal constriction (as observed from EPG data) occurred throughout the closure phase of bilabial targets. The labial component of LLDAs was identified from clinical observations of the speakers made during productions of bilabial targets. Results: Three speakers (11%) frequently produced LLDAs for bilabial targets. The configuration of tongue-palate contacts involved in the lingual component of the LLDAs differed in each of the three speakers: one speaker had velar constriction, another had alveolar constriction, and the third had simultaneous alveolar-velar constriction. LLDAs did not similarly affect bilabial targets in the three speakers. One speaker produced LLDAs for /p/ and /b/ targets only. Another produced LLDAs for all /m/ targets but inconsistently for /p/ and /b/ targets. The third speaker produced LLDAs for all /b/ targets but inconsistently for /p/ and /m/ targets. Conclusion: LLDAs occurred in a minority of speakers investigated. Nevertheless, it is argued that it is important to identify LLDAs for clinical decision making and for research purposes. The results from this study add to current knowledge about abnormal articulations in cleft palate speech, but further research is needed into the precise timing of lip and tongue-palate closures and into the airflow and acoustic characteristics of LLDAs.
Portable training for speech disorders
(1998) Leitch, Elspeth; Gibbon, Fiona; Crampin, Lisa
Electropalatography contributes to speech assessment and diagnosis, is useful in measuring change, and provides clients with effective visual feedback therapy but is available in relatively few clinical centres. Its use has been limited by the capital cost of the equipment, a lack of technical support, and problems of accessibility to clients. This article describes the use of an innovative portable EPG unit in the treatment of a 10-year-old boy with persistent velar fronting to the alveolar place of articulation due to cerebellar ataxic dysarthria. Initial assessment and a week of intensive daily therapy took place in Glasgow, 140 miles from his home. Following the week of intensive therapy, and progress with velar placement, therapy was continued after a few months using the portable therapy unit in his home area on a daily basis for four months. EPG sequence patterns are illustrated along with a description of his progress with velar targets. The use of visual feedback is considered to have been an essential component in the successful outcome in this case.
The national CLEFTNET project for individuals with speech disorders associated with cleft palate.
(Taylor & Francis, 2007-03) Lee, Alice; Gibbon, Fiona; Crampin, Lisa; Yuen, Ivan; McLennen, Grant
Although previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of using electropalatography (EPG) for treating therapy-resistant articulation errors associated with cleft palate, until recently access to this form of treatment has been limited. For the past 10 years, however, the CLEFTNET Scotland project has provided individuals with cleft palate access to EPG therapy. CLEFTNET Scotland represented a novel form of EPG service delivery-it linked the cleft palate centres throughout Scotland to Queen Margaret University College (QMUC) in Edinburgh through an electronic network. EPG data collected in the centres were sent to QMUC, where experts conducted detailed analysis leading to a precise diagnosis of each individual's specific articulation difficulty and suggested therapy guidelines to the specialist speech-language therapists based on their analysis. This form of service delivery has recently extended to include England, Wales and Northern Ireland to form CLEFTNET UK. This paper describes the CLEFTNET projects, discusses orthodontic issues relevant to EPG therapy for individuals with cleft palate, and presents a case study to illustrate how therapy guidelines for speech-language therapists are derived from data analysis.
Tongue palate contact during selected vowels in children with cleft palate.
(Karger, 2005) Gibbon, Fiona; Smeaton-Ewins, P.; Crampin, Lisa
This study reports tongue-palate contact recorded using electropalatography (EPG) during five vowels /i/, //, /I/, /o/ and / / spoken by school-aged children with cleft palate and a group of normal speakers. All the children had articulation disorders affecting consonants but none had obvious vowel errors. Two measures were taken from the EPG data at the temporal midpoint of the vowels. The first identified the percentage of vowels produced with complete coronal constriction and the second calculated amount of contact. The results showed that children with cleft palate frequently produced the high vowel /i/ with complete constriction, with 40% of /i/ targets articulated in this way. There were lower percentages for // and /I/ and no complete constrictions during the lower vowels /o/ and / /. None of the normal speakers produced any vowels with complete constriction. In terms of amount of contact, the vowels ranked /i/ > // > /I/ > /o/ > / /, with /i/ having the most and / / the least contact. Although this ranking held for both groups, the cleft group had more contact than normal speakers, especially during high vowels. Complete constriction is viewed as a clinically relevant phenomenon that blocks oral airflow and as a result increases nasal airflow during vowels.
Visual feedback therapy using electropalatography (EPG) for articulation disorders associated with cleft palate.
(Plural publishing., 2001) Gibbon, Fiona; Hardcastle, William J.; Crampin, Lisa; Reynolds, Beverly; Razzell, Roz; Wilson, Jan
This study investigates the effects of visual feedback therapy using electropalatography (EPG) on abnormal /t/ and /s/ tongue–palate contact patterns in children and young adults with articulation disorders associated with repaired cleft palate. Twelve subjects were randomly assigned to one of two treatment regimes. Subjects in regime 1 received four sessions of individual therapy using EPG for visual feedback (‘EPG therapy’) followed by four sessions of therapy without EPG (‘non-EPG therapy’). Subjects in regime 2 had four sessions of non-EPG therapy followed by four sessions of EPG therapy. Analysis of tongue contact patterns showed that the majority (75%) of subjects had more normal articulatory patterns for /t/ and /or /s/ targets after EPG therapy. Non-EPG therapy had no apparent effect on articulatory patterns for most (92%) subjects. Three subjects (25%) failed to respond to either EPG or non-EPG therapy. The results indicate that EPG therapy has a positive effect on abnormal articulatory patterns in many, but not all, cleft palate speakers with articulation errors. The results also suggest that EPG therapy is more efficient than non- EPG therapy in changing articulatory patterns in subjects with cleft palate.
Visualising speech: Identification of atypical tongue-shape patterns in the speech of children with cleft lip and palate using ultrasound technology
(NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, 2018) Lloyd, Susan; Cleland, Joanne; Crampin, Lisa; Campbell, Linsay; Zharkova, Natalia; Palo, Pertti
Previous research by Gibbon (2004) shows that at least 8 distinct error types can be identified in the speech of people with cleft lip and palate (CLP) using electropalatography (EPG), a technique which measures tongue-palate contact. However, EPG is expensive and logistically difficult. In contrast, ultrasound is cheaper and arguably better equipped to image the posterior articulations (such as pharyngeals) which are common in CLP. A key aim of this project is to determine whether the eight error types made visible with EPG in CLP speech described by Gibbon (2004) can be also be identified with ultrasound. This paper will present the first results from a larger study developing a qualitative and quantitative ultrasound speech assessment protocol. Data from the first 20 children aged 3 to 18 with CLP will be presented. Data are spoken materials from the CLEFTNET protocol. We will present a recording format compatible with CAPS-A to record initial observations from the live ultrasound (e.g. double articulations, pharyngeal stops). Two Speech and Language Therapists analysed the data independently to identify error types. Results suggest that all of the error types, for example fronted placement and double articulations can be identified using ultrasound, but this is challenging in real-time. Ongoing work involves quantitative analysis of error types using articulatory measures.
Visualising speech: Using ultrasound visual biofeedback to diagnose and treat speech disorders in children with cleft lip and palate
(NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, 2017-09) Cleland, Joanne; Crampin, Lisa; Zharkova, Natalia; Wrench, Alan A.; Lloyd, Susan; Palo, Pertti
Children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) often continue to have problems producing clear speech long after the clefts have been surgically repaired, leading to educational and social disadvantage. Speech is of key importance in CLP from both a quality of life and surgical outcome perspective, yet assessment relies on subjective perceptual methods, with speech and language therapists (SLTs) listening to speech and transcribing errors. This is problematic because perception-based phonetic transcription is well known to be highly unreliable(Howard & Lohmander, 2011) especially in CLP, where the range of error types is arguably far greater than for other speech sound disorders. Moreover,CLP speech is known to be vulnerable to imperceptible error types, such as double articulations which can only be understood with instrumental techniques such as ultrasound tongue imaging (UTI). Incorrect transcription of these errors can result in misdiagnosis and subsequent inappropriate intervention which can lead to speech errors becoming deeply ingrained.