Browsing by Person "Diamond, Mark R"

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Are students really human? observations on institutional ethics committees
(Taylor and Francis Group, 1994) Diamond, Mark R; Reidpath, Daniel
A handful of quotations will suffice to set the stage for the discussion to follow. From the National Health and Medical Research Council (1988): Before research is undertaken, the free consent of the subject should be obtained (p. 3). Special care must be taken in relation to consent, and to safeguarding individual rights where the research involves … those in dependant relationships or comparable situations (p. 3). Volunteers may be paid for inconvenience and time spent but such payment should not be so large as to be an inducement to participate (p. 3). From the Australian Psychological Society (1986): Investigators must endeavour to ensure that participants' consent to be involved in the research is genuinely voluntary. (Section E. 7, p. 8). Investigators must not exert undue pressure on potential participants for the purpose of securing their involvement in a particular research project. (Section E. 8, p. 8). An investigator must not use a position of authority to exert undue pressure on potential subjects for the purpose of securing their participation in a particular research project. (Appendix E. 6, p. 22).
Catching Drug Couriers
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2012-09-20) Reidpath, Daniel; Diamond, Mark R; Vijayan, K
Ethics committees: is the tail wagging the dog? [letter]
(Wiley, 1993-02-01) Diamond, Mark R; Reidpath, Daniel
Improving interpretability: γ as an alternative to R2 as a measure of effect size
(Wiley, 2000-05-12) Reidpath, Daniel; Diamond, Mark R; Hartel, Gunter; Glasziou, Paul
A traditional measure of effect size associated with tests for difference between two groups is the variance explained by group membership (R2). If exposure to a disease causes a small but long term deficit in performance, however, R2 does not capture that cumulating effect. We propose an alternative statistic, γ, based on the probability of an unexposed person outperforming an exposed person. Although γ is also a point estimate, it more easily conveys what the cumulating effect of a deficit would be. We discuss some of the advantages of this measure. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Models of Inter-Racial Offending: An Evaluation
(SAGE Publications, 1998-04) Reidpath, Daniel; Diamond, Mark R
Inter-racial offending, and the related question of racial motivation for criminal assault, is an important area of criminological research. It is a sensitive issue, however, which requires veridical models and accurate interpretation. Three models of inter-racial offending which have been previously described in the literature are contrasted and their difficulties of interpretation are discussed.
A Nonexperimental Demonstration of Anchoring Bias
(SAGE Publications, 1995-06) Reidpath, Daniel; Diamond, Mark R
Evidence for the existence of cognitive biases in controlled experimental tasks may not be evidence that such biases exist outside the laboratory. Observations of human decision-making in a nonexperimental setting (a television game show) indicated an apparently strong anchoring bias in the contestants' decisions. This spontaneous nonexperimental illustration of the anchoring bias is not only interesting in its own right but also supports assertions that experimental demonstrations of other cognitive biases may have corollaries in the real world.
Psychology Ethics Down Under: A Survey of Student Subject Pools in Australia
(Taylor and Francis Group, 1992) Diamond, Mark R; Reidpath, Daniel
A survey of the 37 psychology departments offering courses accredited by the Australian Psychological Society yielded a 92% response rate. Sixty-eight percent of departments employed students as research subjects, with larger departments being more likely to do so. Most of these departments drew their student subject pools from introductory courses. Student research participation was strictly voluntary in 57% of these departments, whereas 43% of the departments have failed to comply with normally accepted ethical standards. It is of great concern that institutional ethics committees apparently continue to condone, or fail to act against, unethical research practices. Although these committees have a duty of care to all subjects, the final responsibility for conducting research in an ethical manner lies with the individual researcher.