Browsing by Person "Donaghy, Marie"

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A critical review of the validity of measuring stages of change in relation to exercise and moderate physical activity
(2007) Bulley, Catherine; Donaghy, Marie; Payne, A.; Mutrie, N.
Many professionals are integrally involved in the promotion of exercise and physical activity, for specific therapeutic purposes, and with the aim of improving population health and quality of life. Design and evaluation of intervention strategies are frequently underpinned by the Transtheoretical Model, a process-oriented approach to behaviour change. One component of this model is the stage of change structure, which describes a person's behaviour in the context of a change process. It is frequently used to assess current levels of exercise or physical activity participation, and as a measure of change in behaviour following intervention. This paper discusses the importance of validity in the assessment of stages of change for exercise and physical activity. Various different scales exist and have been investigated for validity using comparisons with self-reported outcome measures and physiological markers of activity. Generally, comparative data provide evidence of stage hierarchies relating to both exercise and physical activity. However, this does not establish actual levels of activity represented by stage allocation, limiting its applicability. Further appropriately designed comparisons with objective measures are required if the stage of change structure is to be applied as a meaningful, accurate and sensitive tool for the measurement of physical activity and exercise.
A prospective qualitative exploration of views about attending pulmonary rehabilitation
(Wiley, 2009-02-04) Bulley, Catherine; Donaghy, Marie; Howden, Stella; Salisbury, Lisa; Whiteford, Suzanne; Mackay, Elaine
Background and Purpose. Pulmonary rehabilitation has been found to be an effective strategy for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, attendance at such programmes is not optimal, therefore, this study aimed to develop an in-depth understanding of views regarding attendance at pulmonary rehabilitation and experiences which may have shaped these views. Methods. An inductive qualitative study was carried out within the framework of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Five female and four male individuals with COPD who had been referred for pulmonary rehabilitation participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were conducted prior to participation in pulmonary rehabilitation. Results. Three main themes were identified that related to views about attending pulmonary rehabilitation. The first is entitled Desired benefits of attending pulmonary rehabilitation, which described realistic hopes about impact on daily life. The second theme was called Evaluating the threat of exercise, and it encompassed both positive and negative evaluations; some interviewees described fear and avoidance of exercise, while others were determined to overcome symptoms. These attitudes extended to views about pulmonary rehabilitation. The third theme was called Attributing value to pulmonary rehabilitation. Contrasting opinions about the value of attending pulmonary rehabilitation appeared to be influenced by the nature of prior interactions with health personnel and systems as well as information about the programme provided at referral. The referrer's attitude towards pulmonary rehabilitation appeared to be particularly influential. Conclusion. In summary, when considering rehabilitation attendance, potential participants are able to identify possible benefits, but previous experiences of symptoms and attitudes towards their condition can influence views both positively and negatively. Information and enthusiasm conveyed by the referring clinician, as well as previous interactions with health professionals can have powerful impact on views about attending. Referral practices should be informative and enthusiastic to increase the likelihood of uptake. Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A protocol for the development of professional competencies: the SPA Project
(2005) Bulley, Catherine; Donaghy, Marie
A qualitative theory guided analysis of stroke survivors' perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity
(2014-10) Nicholson, Sarah L.; Donaghy, Marie; Johnston, Marie; Sniehotta, Falko F.; van Wijck, Frederike; Johnston, Derek; Greig, Carolyn; McMurdo, Marion E. T.; Mead, Gillian
Purpose: After stroke, physical activity and physical fitness levels are low, impacting on health, activity and participation. It is unclear how best to support stroke survivors to increase physical activity. Little is known about the barriers and facilitators to physical activity after stroke. Thus, our aim was to explore stroke survivors' perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 13 ambulatory stroke survivors exploring perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity post stroke were conducted in participants' homes, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) informed content analysis of the interview transcripts. Results: Data saturation was reached after interviews with 13 participants (median age of 76 years (inter-quartile range (IQR) = 69-83 years). The median time since stroke was 345 d (IQR = 316-366 d). The most commonly reported TDF domains were "beliefs about capabilities", "environmental context and resources" and "social influence". The most commonly reported perceived motivators were: social interaction, beliefs of benefits of exercise, high self-efficacy and the necessity of routine behaviours. The most commonly reported perceived barriers were: lack of professional support on discharge from hospital and follow-up, transport issues to structured classes/interventions, lack of control and negative affect. Conclusions: Stroke survivors perceive several different barriers and facilitators to physical activity. Stroke services need to address barriers to physical activity and to build on facilitators to promote physical activity after stroke.
A survey of community exercise programmes for stroke survivors in Scotland
(Wiley, 2011) Best, C.; van Wijck, F.; Dennis, J.; Donaghy, Marie; Fraser, H.; Dinan-Young, S.; Mead, G.
Stroke is the most common cause of complex disability in the community. Physical fitness is often reduced after stroke, but training can improve fitness and function. UK and international stroke clinical guidelines recommend long-term exercise participation for stroke survivors. However, there has been no previous research into what services are available to support this. In 2009, we conducted the first European survey of community Exercise after Stroke services. A link to our web-based survey was emailed to health, leisure service and stroke charity contacts in Scotland with email and telephone follow-up to non-respondents. The overall response rate was 64% (230/361). A total of 14 Exercise after Stroke services were identified, the majority of which were run by charity collaborations (7/14), followed by leisure centre services (4/14) and health services (3/14). We sought information on session content, referral and assessment processes, and the qualifications of exercise instructors. This information was cross-referenced with current clinical and exercise guidelines to determine whether existing resources were sufficient to meet stroke survivors' needs for safe, effective and sustainable access to exercise. The results indicated a shortage of stroke-specific community exercise programmes. Further service development is required to ensure appropriate instructor training and referral pathways are in place to enable stroke survivors to access exercise services in accordance with current guidelines. 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
An evaluation of a framework for facilitating and assessing physiotherapy students' reflection on practice
(Informa Healthcare, 2007-03) Donaghy, Marie; Morss, K.
Reflective practice is promoted in the health care professions as a developmental process leading to competent and effective practice, although the link between reflection and enhancement of physiotherapy practice remains speculative and conjectural. This article provides evidence that reflection can influence developing practice based on the evaluation of a reflective framework for students on clinical placement. The evaluation explored, in depth, students' experiences and perceptions of its benefits and limitations. Thematic analysis of response data from five focus groups (n = 43) representing three student cohorts resolved significant outcomes-related themes: personal insight, linking reflection to the physiotherapy process, and learning and personal change. Process-related themes focused on strengths and weaknesses of the framework and associated issues. Evidence supports the effectiveness of the framework in facilitating reflection and in linking reflection to higher order cognitive processes such as gaining new insights and understandings, facilitation of systematic enquiry, problem solving, and decision making. Feedback from students indicated that the experience was meaningful and valuable in preparation for practice because they were guided to question themselves and could see the relevance and value of that for their practice. We recommend that educators consider this approach to facilitating reflection in physiotherapy undergraduate education.
Are physiotherapy guidelines for the management of osteoporosis being implemented? A UK-wide survey.
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009-07-11) Bulley, Catherine; Donaghy, Marie; Dow, C.
The availability of increasing amounts of research has led to the development of clinical guidelines to facilitate evidence-based decisions. However, effective implementation must be evaluated. A survey was carried out to evaluate a clinical guideline for osteoporosis, endorsed by the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (CSP). A stratified proportional sample of 588 relevant National Health Service providers was selected from Strategic Health Authorities/Health Boards throughout the UK. Random samples of 31 independent hospitals and 102 private practitioners were obtained from lists of seven UK-based service providers and the CSP website. One hundred and twenty further surveys were sent through the clinical interest group, AGILE. The survey was developed to investigate awareness and use of the clinical guideline, current implementation strategies and barriers to implementation. Of the clinical sites sampled, 25% responded, giving 243 usable surveys. While guidelines were available in 62% of responding sites, only 35% reported its use - although this was higher in services with a primary osteoporosis caseload (45%). Only 6% reported formal implementation. Barriers to guideline use frequently highlighted a lack of resources and training. Survey responses indicate a lack of guideline use; this should be facilitated through formal implementation strategies, requiring training and resources.
Barriers to uptake of physical activity in community-based patients with schizophrenia
(2009-12) Johnstone, Rosalind; Nicol, Kath; Donaghy, Marie; Lawrie, Stephen
Background: Recent United Kingdom Government Policy documents have emphasized the need to improve the physical health of patients with mental illness. Although physical health could be improved by increasing physical activity levels, uptake of widely available community-based activity programmes is low in this patient population. Aims: To investigate the barriers to uptake of and adherence to physical activity in communitydwelling patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Methods: Qualitative study on 27 community dwelling patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from four Community Mental Health Teams (CMHT) in Edinburgh. Patients were individually interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Themes and sub themes from the interviews were identified using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: Four barriers to physical activity uptake were identified: limited experience of physical activity engagement, impact of the illness and effects of medication, effects of anxiety and the influences of support networks. Conclusion: These patients experience complex barriers to physical activity uptake which need to be considered in the design of physical activity interventions to target obesity and related physical health problems.
Case research in sports physiotherapy: A review of studies
(2007-11) Sousa, J.; Cabri, J.; Donaghy, Marie
Background: Case research provides a rich source of data, which can be used to challenge and evaluate practice and to inform the development of new theories. The aims of this study were to review the methodologies, explore the published findings and to discuss their contribution to sports physiotherapy. Methods: A literature search was conducted using a systematic approach to the search, selection of papers and extraction of data. In total, 2468 records were screened of which 51 fully met the inclusion criteria. Results: Case research of the lower limb accounted for 55% of the literature of which 25% were knee injuries. Soccer, running, and basketball were the most frequently reported sports. Effects of intervention were described in 51% of cases, innovative approach in 27% and unusual findings in 22%. Only 8% of the reports dealt with unsuccessful cases. From a total of 51 papers, 25 were cited in further studies. Conclusions: An overlapping of definitions and lack of development rules can, together with published papers with low methodological strengths, limit the relevance of this research paper and subsequent impact of these research methods on practice. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Cognitive Behavioural Interventions in Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy.
(Elsevier, 2008) Donaghy, Marie; Nicol, Maggie; Davidson, K.
This title is directed primarily towards health care professionals outside of the United States. It presents the application of the model of cognitive behavioural intervention in the practice of physiotherapy and occupational therapy addressing a range of clinical problems with contributions from professionals who are specialists in their field. The book explains the psychological model and provides a rationale for applying CBT as a tool to strengthen physiotherapy and occupational therapy interventions. Case studies are integral to this book, highlighting the application of CBT, outlining the strategies, and illustrating the outcomes and boundaries of treatment.
Cognitive-behavioural approaches in the treatment of alcohol addiction
(Elsevier, 2008) Donaghy, Marie
Competency-based standards: a framework for ESPs
(2006) Donaghy, Marie; Bulley, Catherine
Discipline-based academic development through a tripartite partnership
(Routledge, 1998-11) Morss, K.; Donaghy, Marie
This paper describes a discipline-based academic development project based upon a tripartite relationship between departmental staff, work-based practitioners and the central academic development unit which took place over one academic year within the Department of Physiotherapy, Queen Margaret College, Edinburgh. The purpose of the project was to discuss and debate the concept of the 'reflective practitioner', to develop strategies for enabling undergraduate students to be reflective, and to devise a framework for assessment of reflective practice in clinical work-based learning. The outcomes of the project, most important of which was a change in the learning experience for students, demonstrate that academic development can be valuable and productive when undertaken as a partnership and placed in a disciplinary context. The authors identify key elements important to the success of the academic development process which should be applicable in similar situations and which could serve as guidelines for the planning and delivery of staff development through similar kinds of partnerships.
Personal meanings, values and feelings relating to physical activity and exercise participation in female undergraduates: a qualitative exploration
(Sage, 2009) Bulley, Catherine; Donaghy, Marie; Payne, A.; Mutrie, N.
Understanding was sought of the ways that female students understand and feel about physical activity and exercise participation, to inform effective and ethical intervention. Sixteen women participated in semi-structured interviews which were analysed thematically, using QSR NUD*IST 4. Physical activity and exercise proved emotive topics and meant different things to different people. Some women associated physical activity and exercise with enjoyment, or achieving their goals. Others saw exercise in particular as a duty, associated with feelings of guilt and inadequacy. Findings supported the value of promoting realistic goals, and careful choice of activities according to individual preferences.
Physical activity participation of female students: prevalence and change during the first academic year.
(Institute of Health Promotion and Education, 2004) Bulley, Catherine; Donaghy, Marie; Payne, A.; Woodman, Kate; Mutrie, N.
Physiotherapy guidelines for the management of osteoporosis - who is using them and what are the barriers to implementation?
(Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam, 2007) Donaghy, Marie; Bulley, Catherine; Dow, C.
PURPOSE: Evidence based clinical guidelines are an important route to ensuring the transfer of evidence into practice but are physiotherapists using them? While scientific rigour underpins the development of clinical guidelines the awareness, use or clinical impact of physiotherapy clinical guidelines has not been evaluated. This study aimed to find answers to the following questions; who has access to and who is using the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy osteoporosis guideline in the UK? How is it being implemented? What are the perceived barriers to implementation? RELEVANCE: Developing guidelines is costly. This study identifies barriers to their use and makes recommendations for an action-research based process of implementation and evaluation. PARTICIPANTS: 243 physiotherapists working in the National Health Service, independent hospitals and private practice across the UK. METHODS: Survey methodology enabled the collection of numerous responses from a wide variety of geographical and clinical contexts. All aspects of the study were informed by an advisory group including representation from the National Osteoporosis Society and service users. The 26- item questionnaire was developed from the literature and piloted in three clinical sites. Closed and open questions addressed availability and use of the guideline, implementation strategies and barriers. Stratified sampling was conducted from strategic health authorities or health boards throughout the UK, and from lists of 31 independent hospitals and 102 private practitioners. Of a total random sample of 558 services, 25% responded. ANALYSIS: Descriptive analysis was performed using the SPSS version 12 and Excel. RESULTS: 62% of services had access to the guideline but only 35% were using it. Physiotherapists most frequently using the guideline included osteoporosis services (65%), specialist older people's falls services (50%) and rheumatology services (45%). Less than 18% of physiotherapists working in out-patients, the community, and independent hospitals used the guideline. Implementation strategies were underused, when employed, the most successful were education, local opinion leaders and concensus projects. Perceived barriers to implementation were lack of resources, training, time involvement, and inapplicability to individual patients. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a relatively low response rate, results from 243 sites indicate poor awareness and use of the osteoporosis guideline throughout the UK. The lack of implementation strategies suggests that physiotherapists PURPOSE: Evidence based clinical guidelines are an important route to ensuring the transfer of evidence into practice but are physiotherapists using them? While scientific rigour underpins the development of clinical guidelines the awareness, use or clinical impact of physiotherapy clinical guidelines has not been evaluated. This study aimed to find answers to the following questions; who has access to and who is using the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy osteoporosis guideline in the UK? How is it being implemented? What are the perceived barriers to implementation? RELEVANCE: Developing guidelines is costly. This study identifies barriers to their use and makes recommendations for an action-research based process of implementation and evaluation. PARTICIPANTS: 243 physiotherapists working in the National Health Service, independent hospitals and private practice across the UK. METHODS: Survey methodology enabled the collection of numerous responses from a wide variety of geographical and clinical contexts. All aspects of the study were informed by an advisory group including representation from the National Osteoporosis Society and service users. The 26- item questionnaire was developed from the literature and piloted in three clinical sites. Closed and open questions addressed availability and use of the guideline, implementation strategies and barriers. Stratified sampling was conducted from strategic health authorities or health boards throughout the UK, and from lists of 31 independent hospitals and 102 private practitioners. Of a total random sample of 558 services, 25% responded. ANALYSIS: Descriptive analysis was performed using the SPSS version 12 and Excel. RESULTS: 62% of services had access to the guideline but only 35% were using it. Physiotherapists most frequently using the guideline included osteoporosis services (65%), specialist older people's falls services (50%) and rheumatology services (45%). Less than 18% of physiotherapists working in out-patients, the community, and independent hospitals used the guideline. Implementation strategies were underused, when employed, the most successful were education, local opinion leaders and concensus projects. Perceived barriers to implementation were lack of resources, training, time involvement, and inapplicability to individual patients. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a relatively low response rate, results from 243 sites indicate poor awareness and use of the osteoporosis guideline throughout the UK. The lack of implementation strategies suggests that physiotherapists and users need to develop a sense of ownership in their service, with time to discuss and plan adaptations to practice where appropriate, and to provide feedback into guideline review processes. A deeper understanding of the implications of the guideline is required, especially in services such as outpatients where the direct relevance or recommendations to their clients may be less obvious. IMPLICATIONS: This survey has highlighted a problem, but the information supplied by questionnaire responses are limited in depth, making it difficult to fully understand the reasons for poor guideline implementation. An action research approach would enable the integration of implementation strategies into a cycle of investigation and change. As guidelines are integrated into practice, discussion should identify and resolve problems. There should be input from both users and non-users of clinical guidelines, and from clients affected by their use. This information could be collected using focus groups and individual interviews.
Predicting health related quality of life 6 months after stroke: The role of anxiety and upper limb dysfunction
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013-02) Morris, J. H.; van Wijck, F.; Joice, S.; Donaghy, Marie
Purpose: This study examined the role of anxiety and upper limb dysfunction, amongst other variables, as predictors of health related quality of life (HRQOL) 6 months after stroke. Method: Participants: Stroke survivors (n = 85) who had previously participated in a randomised controlled trial of a physiotherapy intervention. Dependent variable: HRQOL-Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Predictor variables: Mood-Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale; Upper Limb Functioning - Action Research Arm Test; Rivermead Motor Assessment; Activities of Daily Living-Modified Barthel Index; Clinical and demographic factors. Results: Anxiety and depression significantly predicted 49% of variance in overall HRQOL (p < 0.05), but only anxiety significantly predicted NHP pain (13% variance, p < 0.001), emotional reactions (41% variance, p < 0.001), sleep (19% variance, p = 0.02) and social isolation (23% variance, p = 0.02). Depression and anxiety together significantly predicted 30% variance in energy level (p < 0.001). UL motor impairment and activities of daily living predicted 36% of variance in NHP physical activity score (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study indicates that where anxiety is assessed, it appears more important in determining HRQOL than depression. UL impairment and ADL independence predicted perceived physical activity. Management strategies for anxiety and therapy for UL recovery long after stroke onset are likely to benefit perceived HRQOL. 2013 Informa UK, Ltd.
Processes in the Development of International Specialist Competencies and Standards
(Association of Schools of Allied Health Professions, 2008) Bulley, Catherine; Donaghy, Marie
In a world of rapidly developing knowledge it is important that professions describe their roles and capabilities. The need for a thorough description of sports physiotherapy was addressed through collaboration between the International Federation of Sports Physiotherapy (IFSP) and five European higher education institutions. This resulted in the Sports Physiotherapy for All Project, which has been successful in developing internationally accepted competencies and standards for sports physiotherapists. This article describes and reflects on the process to communicate useful lessons. Methods: A competency model was chosen to facilitate differentiation and communication of aspects of sports physiotherapy practice. Documentation relating to sports physiotherapy practice was collected from 16 countries and analysed thematically. A cut and paste method was used by a panel of experts to allocate themes to areas of practice within the competency model. Theme groups were used to select areas of practice for description in competency form. Standards were derived from competencies following in depth discussion with the expert panel, and triangulation with themes derived from international documentation. Results: A rigorous process of international review and revision led to the final list of 11 competencies and related standards, both accepted by the IFSP. Implications: This work provides a foundation for the development of an audit toolkit to guide demonstration and evaluation of competencies and standards. This provides a foundation for targeted career development activities, appropriate provision of training opportunities, and quality enhancement. The experiences gained during this project can inform other health professions and their specialisms when embarking on a similar journey.
Psychology and the Rehabilitation of Older People.
(Nelson Thornes, 2002) Donaghy, Marie; Baikie, L.; Hastings, M.; Squires, A.
Report submitted to ScotMid Co-operative Society 'Recall, understanding and responses to the 'Sensible Drinking message' among supermarket shoppers in Scotland'.
(Queen Margaret University College, 2005) Gill, Jan; O'May, Fiona; Donaghy, Marie
This study was conducted with the following general aims; - To investigate the feasibility of carrying out a questionnaire-based study dealing with issues relating to alcohol drinking within the supermarket setting. - To document awareness and recall of the UK 'Sensible Drinking' message among shoppers. - To investigate the perceived usefulness of the message and the ability to apply knowledge to personal drinking. - To monitor awareness of, and response to, the initiative by the Co-operative Society to promote the 'Sensible Drinking' message on wine labels. - To distribute and monitor reaction to 'Sensible Drinking 'guidance literature.