Browsing by Person "Drake, Eleanor"

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Articulatory consequences of prediction during comprehension
(University of Glasgow: Glasgow, 2015-08-10) Drake, Eleanor; Schaeffler, Sonja; Corley, Martin
It has been proposed that speech-motor activation observed during comprehension may, in part, reflect involvement of the speech-motor system in the top-down simulation of upcoming material [14]. In the current study we employed an automated approach to the analysis of ultrasound tongue imaging in order to investigate whether comprehension-elicited effects are observable at an articulatory-output level. We investigated whether and how lexical predictions affect speech-motor output. Effects were found at a relatively early point during the pre-acoustic phase of articulation, and did not appear to be predicated upon the nature of the phonological-overlap between predicted and named items. In these respects effects related to comprehension-elicited predictions appear to differ in nature from those observed in production and perception experiments.
Articulatory Effects of Prediction During Comprehension: An Ultrasound Tongue Imaging Approach
(2014-05) Drake, Eleanor; Schaeffler, Sonja; Corley, Martin
We investigated whether effects of prediction during spoken language comprehension are observable in speech-motor output recorded via ultrasound tongue imaging: Predicted words can be specified at a phonological level during reading comprehension, and listening to speech activates speechmotor regions. It has been suggested that speech-motor activation may occur during prediction of upcoming material (Pickering & Garrod, 2007). Speakers model their own upcoming speech, with the effects being observable at an articulatory level in the form of anticipatory co-articulation. We investigated whether the effects of prediction as a listener can also be observed at an articulatory level. We auditorily presented high-cloze sentence-stems, immediately followed by presentation of a picture for naming. Picture names either fully matched the omitted sentence-cloze item or mismatched it at onset (e.g., TAP-cap-). By-condition differences in picture-name articulation indicated that prediction of upcoming material during speech listening can engage speechmotor processes
How fluent is the fluent speech of people who stutter? A new approach to measuring kinematics with ultrasound
(Taylor & Francis, 2015-11-23) Heyde, Cornelia J.; Scobbie, James M.; Lickley, Robin; Drake, Eleanor
We present a new approach to the investigation of dynamic ultrasound tongue imaging (UTI) data, applied here to analyse the subtle aspects of the fluency of people who stutter (PWS). Fluent productions of CV syllables (C = /k/; V = /, i, /) from three PWS and three control speakers (PNS) were analysed for duration and peak velocity relative to articulatory movement towards (onset) and away from (offset) the consonantal closure. The objective was to apply a replicable methodology for kinematic investigation to speech of PWS in order to test Wingate's Fault-Line hypothesis. As was hypothesised, results show comparable onset behaviours for both groups. Regarding offsets, groups differ in peak velocity. Results suggest that PWS do not struggle initiating consonantal closure (onset). In transition from consonantal closure into the vowel, however, groups appear to employ different strategies expressed in increased variation (PNS) versus decreased mean peak velocity (PWS).