Browsing by Person "Fuchs, Susanne"

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Acquisition of new speech motor plans via articulatory visual biofeedback
(Peter Lang, 2019) Scobbie, James M.; Cleland, Joanne; Fuchs, Susanne; Cleland, Joanne; Rochet-Capellan, Amélie
This chapter describes the concept of categorising persistent Speech Sound Disorder in children as a disorder characterised by erroneous motor plans. Different types of articulatory visual biofeedback are described, each of which is designed to allow children to view their articulators moving in real-time and to use this information to establish more accurate motor plans (namely, electropalatography, electromagnetic articulography and ultrasound tongue imaging). An account of how these articulatory biofeedback techniques might lead to acquisition of new motor plans is given, followed by a case study of a child with persistent velar fronting who acquired a new motor plan for velar stops using ultrasound visual biofeedback.
Development of lingual coarticulation and articulatory constraints between childhood and adolescence: an ultrasound study
(ISSP, 2014-05) Zharkova, Natalia; Lickley, Robin; Hardcastle, William J.; Fuchs, Susanne; Grice, M.; Hermes, A.; Lancia, L.; MÃ_cke, D.
Preaspiration as a correlate of word-final voice in Scottish English fricatives
(Mouton de Gruyter, 2010) Gordeeva, Olga B.; Scobbie, James M.; Å»ygis, M.; Fuchs, Susanne; Toda, M.
This chapter investigates the acoustics of aspiration noise in the intersegmental transition between a vowel and a following fricative, and how Scottish English speakers use this turbulence to convey phonologicalphonetic structure. 'Preaspiration' - the perceptually salient aspiration present in vowel-obstruent transitions - is usually associated with stops rather than fricatives, both at phonological and phonetic levels of description. This study describes the occurrence of phonetic (nonnormative) preaspiration of voiceless fricatives in Scottish Standard English (SSE), spoken in the Central Belt of Scotland. This variety-specific optional characteristic is variably present in different SSE speakers, and results from a learnt dissociation of the lingual and supralaryngeal gestures required for voiceless fricatives. The aims of this study are to explore the acoustic characteristics of preaspirated fricatives in SSE and the potential linguistic functioning of preaspiration as a correlate of the fricative /voice/ contrast. In doing so, we will contribute to the sparse acoustic literature on preaspirated fricatives; bridge the gap between possible functional and co-articulatory explanations of this phenomenon; and present a new analytical method to quantify the glottal aperiodic turbulence in the vowel and vowel-fricative transitions independently from the offset of periodic phonation.
Stress distinction in German: simulating kinematic parameters of tongue-tip gestures.
(Elsevier Science Limited, 2002-07) Mooshammer, Christine; Fuchs, Susanne
Levels of stress are not only distinguished by varying fundamental frequency contours but also by changes of supralaryngeal parameters, e.g., unstressed syllables exhibit reduced movement amplitudes and durations compared with stressed syllables. To investigate the effect of deaccentuation on apical gestures in /tVt/ sequences with all vowels of German, we recorded lingual movements of five speakers by means of EMMA. Movement paths of recorded stressed items were manipulated to simulate kinematic parameters of recorded unstressed items in three different ways: truncation, rescaling and combined truncation and rescaling. We assumed that the simulation type that generated parameters most similar to recorded unstressed items can be interpreted in terms of a generalized motor program for deaccentuation. The following parameters of simulated movements were compared with measured unstressed items: movement durations, peak velocities, distances, interval between velocity peaks in percent of syllable duration, symmetry of velocity profiles and number of acceleration peaks between velocity peaks. Combined simulations resembled most closely the kinematic parameters of unstressed items but could not generate the smaller amplitudes of unstressed syllables with lax vowels, since durational reduction of lax vowels due to deaccentuation was very small, i.e., the spatial reduction was not proportional to the temporal reduction for lax items. Therefore, it can be concluded that with the method used here no single parameter or pattern could be found whose manipulation results in the kinematic characteristics of unstressed syllables, which speaks against the concept of a generalized motor program for deaccentuation.
The Control of Token-to-Token Variability: an Experimental and Modeling Study.
(2001) Mooshammer, Christine; Perrier, Pascal; Fuchs, Susanne; Geng, Christian; Payan, Yohan
The articulatory token-to-token variability in the production of German vowels is investigated with simultaneous EMMA and EPG recordings. The potential role of physical constraints, such as the contacts between tongue and palate measured by EPG, and the biomechanical properties of the tongue, simulated with a 2D finite element model is evaluated. Our results suggest that the control of high front vowels makes use of the palatal contacts, while the variability of low vowels is essentially oriented along the main axis of deformation of the tongue, the high/front-to-low/back direction.
The role of the palate in tongue kinematics: an experimental assessment in VC sequences from EPG and EMMA data.
(2001) Fuchs, Susanne; Perrier, Pascal; Mooshammer, Christine
The effect of palatal contact on tongue tip kinematics was investigated using simultaneous EMMA and EPG recordings. The material consisted of VC sequences, where C is a voiced or voiceless alveolar stop. The kinematic characteristics were studied by analyzing parameters of the velocity profile and the deceleration peaks of the closing gesture. No evidence could be found for a potential influence of lateral contacts. Central contacts, associated with the beginning of the consonantal closure, are strongly correlated in time with the velocity drop. It supports the hypothesis that for achieving a consonantal closure tongue tip kinematics is not controlled by a specific target on the palate, and that its deceleration phase is mostly influenced by the collision with the palate.