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Browsing by Person "Hanifa, Yasmeen"

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    Measuring mortality due to HIV-associated tuberculosis among adults in South Africa: Comparing verbal autopsy, minimally-invasive autopsy, and research data
    (PLOS, 2017-03-23) Karat, Aaron S.; Tlali, Mpho; Fielding, Katherine L.; Charalambous, Salome; Chihota, Violet N.; Churchyard, Gavin J.; Hanifa, Yasmeen; Johnson, Suzanne; McCarthy, Kerrigan; Martinson, Neil A.; Omar, Tanvier; Kahn, Kathleen; Chandramohan, Daniel; Grant, Alison D.; Isaakidis, Petros
    Background The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to reduce tuberculosis (TB) deaths by 95% by 2035; tracking progress requires accurate measurement of TB mortality. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes do not differentiate between HIV-associated TB and HIV more generally. Verbal autopsy (VA) is used to estimate cause of death (CoD) patterns but has mostly been validated against a suboptimal gold standard for HIV and TB. This study, conducted among HIV-positive adults, aimed to estimate the accuracy of VA in ascertaining TB and HIV CoD when compared to a reference standard derived from a variety of clinical sources including, in some, minimally-invasive autopsy (MIA).
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    Performance of verbal autopsy methods in estimating HIV-associated mortality among adults in South Africa
    (BMJ, 2018-07-03) Karat, Aaron S.; Maraba, Noriah; Tlali, Mpho; Charalambous, Salome; Chihota, Violet N.; Churchyard, Gavin J.; Fielding, Katherine L.; Hanifa, Yasmeen; Johnson, Suzanne; McCarthy, Kerrigan M.; Kahn, Kathleen; Chandramohan, Daniel; Grant, Alison D.; Topp, Stephanie M.
    Introduction Verbal autopsy (VA) can be integrated into civil registration and vital statistics systems, but its accuracy in determining HIV-associated causes of death (CoD) is uncertain. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of VA questions in determining HIV status and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and compared HIV-associated mortality fractions assigned by different VA interpretation methods.