Browsing by Person "Memon, Amina"

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Do strict rules and moving images increase the reliability of sequential identification procedures?.
(Wiley, 2007) Valentine, Tim; Darling, Stephen; Memon, Amina
Live identification procedures in England and Wales have been replaced by use of video, which provides a sequential presentation of facial images. Sequential presentation of photographs provides some protection to innocent suspects from mistaken identification when used with strict instructions designed to prevent relative judgements (Lindsay, Lea & Fulford, 1991). However, the current procedure in England and Wales is incompatible with these strict instructions. The reported research investigated whether strict instructions would enhance the reliability of identification from video. The effect of using moving rather than still video clips was also investigated. Participants witnessed a live staged incident, and attempted to identify the culprit later from police video lineups, which were run double-blind. Strict instructions produced a significantly lower rate of correct identifications in culprit present lineups, but did not significantly reduce the rate of mistaken identification in culprit absent lineups. Moving images yielded fewer mistaken identifications in culprit absent lineups.
How can psychological science enhance the effectiveness of identification procedures? An international comparison.
(2007) Valentine, Tim; Darling, Stephen; Memon, Amina
The reliability of eyewitness identification has attracted concern from the legal profession in England for at least 100 years. In 1904 a committee of enquiry was established to investigate the trials of Adolf Beck. Incredibly, on two separate occasions Adolf Beck was wrongly convicted on the basis of mistaken eyewitness identification. In both trials, multiple eyewitnesses identified Beck as a confidence trickster who stole jewellery from them. The crimes were subsequently found to have been committed by William Wyatt. The 1904 Committee of enquiry led directly to the establishment of a Court of Appeal.2
Selection of lineup foils in operational contexts
(2008-05) Darling, Stephen; Valentine, Tim; Memon, Amina
It has been argued (Luus & Wells, 1991) that matching lineup foils to the description of the culprit, rather than the appearance of the suspect, brings benefits to witness performance on identification tasks, in particular by increasing the rate of correct identifications of the culprit. Recently, live identification procedures in the United Kingdom have been replaced by use of video. The reported research investigated whether use of description matching would improve lineup performance when implemented using this new video based system in an ecologically valid experiment. The effect of using moving rather than still video clips was also investigated. Participants witnessed a live staged incident, and attempted to identify the culprit later from police video lineups. Neither use of a description-matching strategy to select foils nor use of moving images produced a reliable improvement in performance for culprit present (CP) or culprit absent (CA) lineups. Copyright # 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some witnesses are better than others
(2009-09) Darling, Stephen; Martin, Douglas; Hellmann, Jens Hinrich; Memon, Amina
This paper reports a single study in which individual differences in visual processing were assessed in comparison with participants' ability to identify a culprit from a lineup. There were two parts to the study, separated by several weeks. In the first part, participants were asked to report on the global and local aspects of stimuli (first used by Navon (1977)) comprising large letters made up of small individual letters. Measures were taken of the degree of interference caused when the letters conflicted (e.g. a large letter P composed of small letter Ss). In the second part of the study, participants viewed a video of a crime, and subsequently attempted to identify the culprit from a lineup. We found that there was an association between the interference caused by conflicting global information when participants were reporting local letters, and identification performance. Those participants that were most susceptible to global interference identified the culprit more often than those who were the least susceptible to conflicting global information. These results establish a relationship between an individual differences measure of global/local processing and eyewitness recognition performance, suggesting that participants with a relative global processing bias might make better eyewitnesses. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.