Browsing by Person "Payne, A."

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A critical review of the validity of measuring stages of change in relation to exercise and moderate physical activity
(2007) Bulley, Catherine; Donaghy, Marie; Payne, A.; Mutrie, N.
Many professionals are integrally involved in the promotion of exercise and physical activity, for specific therapeutic purposes, and with the aim of improving population health and quality of life. Design and evaluation of intervention strategies are frequently underpinned by the Transtheoretical Model, a process-oriented approach to behaviour change. One component of this model is the stage of change structure, which describes a person's behaviour in the context of a change process. It is frequently used to assess current levels of exercise or physical activity participation, and as a measure of change in behaviour following intervention. This paper discusses the importance of validity in the assessment of stages of change for exercise and physical activity. Various different scales exist and have been investigated for validity using comparisons with self-reported outcome measures and physiological markers of activity. Generally, comparative data provide evidence of stage hierarchies relating to both exercise and physical activity. However, this does not establish actual levels of activity represented by stage allocation, limiting its applicability. Further appropriately designed comparisons with objective measures are required if the stage of change structure is to be applied as a meaningful, accurate and sensitive tool for the measurement of physical activity and exercise.
An exploratory study of positive and incongruent communication in young children with type 1 diabetes and their mothers.
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2012-10-08) Chisholm, Vivienne; Atkinson, Leslie; Bayrami, Lisa; Noyes, Kathryn; Payne, A.; Kelnar, Chris
Background: The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing in young children. However, they are overlooked in treatment adherence and intervention research despite evidence that parents often experience difficulty securing their tretament cooperatoin, especially with the diet. We investigated positive and incongruent (i.e., the co-occurrence of contradictory verbal and nonverbal messages)communication in the mother-child dyad and their association wiht child adjustment and dietary adherence outcomes. Methods: Participants were 23 6-to-8 year old children with type 1 diabetes and their mothers. We conducted dietary adherence interviews with mothers and performed nutritional analyses to assess children's consumption of extrinsic sugars (e.g., confectionary). Mothers completed a standardised assessment of child psychological adjustment. Mothers and children engaged in a videotaped problem-solving task related to the dietary regimen, with maternal and child utterances and nonverbal behaviours analysed for positive dyadic and incongruent communication. Results: Positive dyadic communication correlated with lower levels of child incongruent communication, fewer behavioural problems and better overall adjustment. Higher levels of maternal and child incongruent communication correlated with more behavioural and emotional problems and poorer overall adjustment. Higher levels of maternal incongruent communication correlated with porer dietary adherence. Conclusions: Results converge to form a conceptually and empirically coherent pattern in that behavioural indices of poorer communication in both mother and child consistently correlated with poorer child adjustment outcomes. This study shows that specific features of dyadic, child and maternal communication could be targeted in developmentally-sensitive interventions to promote positive communication in the home management of type 1 diabetes care for young children.
Maternal communication style and treatment adherence in young children with type 1 diabetes.
(Sage, 2010) Chisholm, Vivienne; Atkinson, Leslie; Donaldson, Caroline; Noyes, Kathryn; Payne, A.; Kelnar, Chris
The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in young children is increasing markedly however young children have been overlooked in paediatric adherence research despite the unique challenges their care presents. We investigated the relation between maternal communication style and adherence to the dietary regimen in 40 children with T1D, aged 2-8 years, and their mothers. Mothers completed measures of children's sugar consumption, parent-child communication quality, and child psychological functioning. Mothers and children engaged in a videotaped problem-solving task related to the dietary regimen, with maternal utterances analysed for behavioural control style (e.g., commands versus suggestions) and cognitive complexity (e.g., provision of labels versus questions). Maternal communications which engaged children, behaviourally and cognitively, in the task were associated with better adherence, medical, communication quality, and child adjustment outcomes. We conclude that adherence and health (medical and psychological) are optimised when young children are given opportunities to participate in their care.
Personal meanings, values and feelings relating to physical activity and exercise participation in female undergraduates: a qualitative exploration
(Sage, 2009) Bulley, Catherine; Donaghy, Marie; Payne, A.; Mutrie, N.
Understanding was sought of the ways that female students understand and feel about physical activity and exercise participation, to inform effective and ethical intervention. Sixteen women participated in semi-structured interviews which were analysed thematically, using QSR NUD*IST 4. Physical activity and exercise proved emotive topics and meant different things to different people. Some women associated physical activity and exercise with enjoyment, or achieving their goals. Others saw exercise in particular as a duty, associated with feelings of guilt and inadequacy. Findings supported the value of promoting realistic goals, and careful choice of activities according to individual preferences.
Physical activity participation of female students: prevalence and change during the first academic year.
(Institute of Health Promotion and Education, 2004) Bulley, Catherine; Donaghy, Marie; Payne, A.; Woodman, Kate; Mutrie, N.
Predictors of treatment adherence in young children with type 1 diabetes.
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007) Chisholm, Vivienne; Atkinson, Leslie; Donaldson, Caroline; Noyes, Kathryn; Payne, A.; Kelnar, Chris
Aim. This paper reports a study to investigate whether diabetes-specific, demographic and psychosocial variables predict adherence in young children with type 1 diabetes. Background. Paediatric diabetes rates are increasing worldwide; however, young children are neglected in treatment adherence research, despite the importance of adherence for health. Greater understanding of adherence in this group could enhance nurses' ability to provide care tailored to families' needs. Method. A cross-sectional study was carried out between 2001 and 2003 with 65 children aged 2-8 years and their mothers in Britain. Mothers were interviewed about children's diabetes care, nutritional analyses were conducted and mothers completed assessments of diabetes knowledge, parenting stress, family functioning and child psychological adjustment. Demographic and medical information was collected from patient records. Findings. Consistent with older populations, blood glucose monitoring and dietary regimens showed greater adherence variability than injection frequency and injection time consistency. Better maternal diabetes knowledge correlated with less injection time variability, more frequent blood glucose monitoring, lower percentage energy intake from extrinsic sugars, lower glycosylated haemoglobin levels and fewer relationship difficulties. Longer diabetes duration, greater injection time variability and higher percentage energy intake from extrinsic sugars predicted less frequent blood glucose monitoring. More relationship difficulties and less frequent blood glucose monitoring predicted higher percentage energy intake from extrinsic sugars. Conclusions. Nurses can facilitate treatment adherence through provision of educational, practical and socio-emotional support. Nursing interventions should target blood glucose monitoring and dietary regimens in particular, and nurses should be sensitive to the various caretaking challenges presented to parents by different components of the diabetes regimen.
Stages of exercise behaviour change: a pilot study of measurement validity
(Institute of Health Promotion and Education, 2008) Bulley, Catherine; Donaghy, Marie; Payne, A.; Mutrie, N.
Objectives: The Stage of Exercise Behaviour Change (SEBC) scale is used to monitor physical activity levels and change in a variety of contexts. However, there is insufficient conceptual discussion relating to its use and a lack of objective evidence for its validity. Pilot work was undertaken to explore the issues involved in validating a SEBC scale using objective monitoring of exercise behaviour, and subsequent discussion aims to inform future validity studies. Design: Estimates of of physical activity energy expenditure (kilocalories) were calculated for 20 participants, while minutes spent in moderate and vigorous activity were extrapolated from heart rate data in 23 participants. The SEBC scale was completed after a three-day objective monitoring period. Data were compared descriptively and using analysis of variance. Results: Inter-stage differences in objective measurements of energy expenditure and minutes of vigorous activity participation provided hierarchical confirmation of the SEBC scale. Conclusions: Objectively monitored exercise partcipation supported previous work in its confirmation of the Stage of Change hierarchy. However, in order to build confidence in the tool, it will be necessary to explore minutes of exercise participation over a six-month period. This would enable comparison of objectively monitored activity levels against the threshold level of exercise described as the target behaviour. Suggestions are made as to how this could be carried out. A word of caution is provided in relation to current use of SEBC tools in measurement contexts.
Validation and modification of the Scottish Physical Activity Questionnaire for use in a female student population
(Institute of Health Promotion and Education, 2005) Bulley, Catherine; Donaghy, Marie; Payne, A.
Objectives: Two trials were undertaken to establish and improve the validity of seven-day physical acivity (PA) recal using the Scottish Physical Activity Questionnaire (SPAQ) in a female student population. Fift-five female students were recruited to Trials One and Two (n=30; n=25). Methods: The SPAQ was completed following a monitoring period. Heart rate (HR) data was collected for three days, following which the SPAQ was completed. HR data were converted to minutes spent in moderate and vigorous PA. This required the monitoring of HR during rest and three activities selected to reflect light, moderate and vigorous activity. Questionnaire modification was informed by data analysis and the responses of 16 Trial One participants who agreed to attend group interviews. In Trial Two the method was replicated using the modified SPAQ. Results: The mean of three days of HR data were compared with the equivalent SPAQ data. Parametric statistical analysis was carried out on long-transformed data owing to skewed data distributions. In all but six cases the SPAQ estimate exceeded objective estimates of time in activity. with a median difference of 40.70 minutes, found to be statistically significant on t-test (95% CI: -1.39, 0.23) and poorly correlated (r=0.03). Limits of Agreement analysis demonstrated poor agreement between estimates. Following questionnaire modification the difference between median estimates of time in PA reduced to 10.60 minutes, no longer significantly different (95% CI: -0.75, 9.18E-02).The correlation improved to 0.59 and Limits of Agreement also improved. Conclusions: Students undergo substantial lifestyle changes that may have a detrimental effect on their activity participation. As women are at particular risk, the measurement of PA in female students is important to allow epidemiological and interventional research. The SPAQ was found to require modification ofr use in this population. Alterations included reordering of questions and the provision of examples to aid the estimation of time spent in routine and intermittent activities. The modified SPAQ for students demonstrated reduced bias and improved agreement with an objective measure. It was therefore felt ot be appropriate for the measurement of PA in female students.