Browsing by Person "Pennekamp, Pia"

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Emotion malleability beliefs and event intensity and importance predict emotion regulation in daily life
(Elsevier, 2020-02-14) Ortner, Catherine N. M.; Pennekamp, Pia
Emotion malleability beliefs facilitate adaptive emotion regulation and, in turn, well-being. We aimed to develop a more nuanced understanding of how emotion malleability beliefs, event intensity, and event importance predict emotion regulation. Participants (N = 107) rated their emotion malleability beliefs before completing 5–7 daily diaries, rating the intensity and importance of a negative event and their use of 22 emotion regulation strategies in response to each event. Emotion malleability beliefs positively predicted use of cognitive change strategies, especially for more important events. Malleability beliefs interacted with importance and intensity to predict expressive suppression. There were limited associations between malleability beliefs and other strategies. The findings suggest that emotion malleability beliefs are tied to the use of specific strategies rather than emotion regulation overall and highlight the importance of considering how individual differences predict intra-individual variation in emotion regulation across different emotional events.
I am pretty sure but not 100%: obtaining, interpreting and presenting eyewitness confidence statements
(Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, 2022) Pennekamp, Pia
Eyewitness identification confidence is typically studied using scales (generally numeric); in practice, eyewitnesses typically provide confidence in their own words. Verbal and numeric confidence similarly predict accuracy, but verbal confidence is difficult to interpret reliably (Mansour, 2020). To minimize miscommunication, eyewitnesses could provide scale ratings after verbal judgements or vice versa, but we do not know if the order in which such confidence statements are obtained affects the confidence-accuracy relationship. I tested the utility of requesting both verbal and numeric confidence and whether order effects exist. Participants (N = 198) viewed a mock-crime video with two perpetrators. After a delay, they viewed two simultaneous lineups with one perpetrator each and provided confidence for each perpetrator verbally (in their own words) and then numerically (0-100%) or numerically and then verbally. Numeric confidence in identifications was higher when provided first, t(393.82) = 2.40, p = .02, d = 0.24. Confidence-accuracy characteristic (CAC) curve analysis indicates the effect is driven by medium-confidence judgements (numeric range). No order effect was found for verbal confidence (p = .32). However, for low and high numeric confidence, verbal followed by numeric was better calibrated than numeric followed by verbal. When the numeric judgement came first, none of the subsequent verbal judgements could be categorized as high confidence using our coding scheme. These data provide preliminary evidence that eyewitnesses should provide only a single confidence judgement.
Variability in verbal eyewitness confidence
(Wiley, 2024-03-19) Pennekamp, Pia; Mansour, Jamal K.; Batstone, Rhiannon
Typically, an eyewitness' verbal confidence is used to judge the reliability of their lineup identification. Across three experiments (N = 3976), we examined eyewitnesses' own words confidence in their lineup decision. For identification decisions (n = 1099), we identified 781 quantitatively unique responses representing 132 qualitatively unique statements that could be categorized into low, medium, and high confidence. For rejectors (n = 781), we identified 599 quantitatively unique responses representing 143 qualitatively unique responses that could be categorized into low, medium, and high confidence. Most participants provided a verbal phrase (e.g., pretty sure) but a significant proportion—34.19% of identifiers and 29.05% of rejectors—provided numbers (e.g., 80%). The present data highlight the variability in how confidence is expressed. The criminal justice system would benefit from guidance for interpreting verbal confidence. We provide a picture of eyewitnesses' verbal confidence as a first step.