Browsing by Person "Prior, Susan"

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Adolescent psychosocial factors and participation in education and employment in young adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analyses
(Elsevier, 2021-07-30) Tayfur, Sumeyra N.; Prior, Susan; Singh Roy, Anusua; Irvine-Fitzpatrick, Linda; Forsyth, Kirsty
Adolescence is a critical period for successful transition into adulthood. This systematic review of empirical longitudinal evidence investigated the associations between adolescent psychosocial factors and education and employment status in young adulthood. Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ASSIA and ERIC) were searched. Meta-analysis was conducted by using odds ratios (OR) as our common effect size; a narrative synthesis of results was also completed. Of the 8970 references screened, 14 articles were included and mapped into seven domains, namely, behavioral problems, peer problems, substance use, prosocial skills, self-evaluations, aspirations and physical activity. The results showed that behavioral problems (overall OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.26–1.74) and peer problems (overall ORadj: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.02–1.57) were significantly associated with being out of education, employment and training (NEET) as young adults. Prosocial skills did not present a significant association (overall OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.92–1.15). Other domains were narratively synthesized. The role of substance use was less clear. Only a few studies were available for self-evaluations, aspirations and physical activity domains. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Assessment Skills for Practice
(Churchill Livingstone, 2022) Prior, Susan; Duncan, Edward; Duncan, Edward
Associations between adolescent psychosocial factors and disengagement from education and employment in young adulthood among individuals with common mental health problems
(Springer, 2022-03-11) Tayfur, Sumeyra N.; Prior, Susan; Singh Roy, Anusua; Maciver, Donald; Forsyth, Kirsty; Irvine-Fitzpatrick, Linda
Transition to adulthood can be a challenging developmental task for adolescents with common mental health problems and is linked to adverse outcomes such as ‘not in education, employment or training’ (NEET). This study investigated longitudinal associations between adolescent psychosocial factors (e.g., self-esteem, aspirations, bullying, physical activity) and later NEET status among individuals with common mental health problems (i.e., depression and anxiety). A secondary data analysis of the Next Steps cohort study was completed using waves 2 and 8. Psychosocial factors, mental health, and background characteristics were captured when participants were aged 15–16 years (wave 2) while still in compulsory education. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire was used to identify adolescents with common mental health problems. The study population consisted of 2224 participants (females 66.8%) of which 1473 (66.2%) were aged 15 years and 751 (33.8%) were aged 16 years in wave 2. The outcome was NEET status at ages 25–26 years (wave 8). The results showed that after adjusting for background characteristics, adolescent self-esteem, locus of control, bullying, physical activity, job aspirations, and attitudes to school predicted NEET status. Educational aspirations, substance use, and behavioural problems were not significantly associated with NEET status. These findings provide new insights into the role of adolescent psychosocial factors in the context of education and employment outcomes for youth at risk and highlight the necessity of targeted mental health support to improve life chances.
Chapter 22: Applying the Model of Human Occupation to Individuals With Mental Health Conditions
(Wolters Kluwer, 2024) Melton, Jane C.; Harding, Becky; Cooper, John R.; Allen, Susan; Reed, Melissa; Forsyth, Kirsty; Prior, Susan; Maciver, Donald; Harrison, Michele; Raber, Christine; Quick, Laura
Development of a pathway for multidisciplinary neurodevelopmental assessment and diagnosis in children and young people
(MDPI, 2021-11-11) Rutherford, Marion; Maciver, Donald; Johnston, Lorna; Prior, Susan; Forsyth, Kirsty
There is a variable standard of access to quality neurodevelopmental assessment and diagnosis. People may have negative experiences, encountering lengthy waiting times, and inconsistent practices. Practitioners need guidance on standards and practices for assessment and diagnosis matched to new ways of working. In this paper, we present a new pathway and recommendations for multidisciplinary neurodevelopmental assessment and diagnosis for children and young people (<19 years), developed by the Scottish Government funded National Autism Implementation Team (NAIT). Our research used the Medical Research Council guidance for the development of complex interventions and included several iterative stages. Stage 1: n = 44 stakeholders attended an event on developing new practices for diagnosis and assessment. Stage 2: a literature synthesis was completed by the research team of clinical guidelines and diagnosis and assessment tools. Stage 3: an event with n = 127 stakeholders included discussion and debate of the data from stages 1 and 2. Recommendations and a draft pathway were written. Stage 4: successive drafts of recommendations and the pathway documentation were circulated among an advisory group, including multidisciplinary clinical experts and people with lived experience, until the final pathway was agreed upon. The finalised pathway includes guidance on terminology, assessment, diagnosis, triage, time standards and engagement of people with lived experience. The new pathway has been adopted by the Scottish Government. The pathway and associated documentation are freely available online for use by others.
Edinburgh Behaviour Support Service: Secondary Data Analysis
(Queen Margaret University, 2013) Constantinescu, Alexandra C.; Forsyth, Kirsty; Górska, Sylwia; Harrison, Michele; Irvine, Linda; Pentland, Jacqueline M.; Prior, Susan
Edinburgh Older People Mental Health Services: outcomes of the qualitative evaluation
(Queen Margaret University, 2015-01) Forsyth, Kirsty; Górska, Sylwia; Harrison, Michele; Irvine, Linda; Pentland, Jacqueline M.; Prior, Susan
An enhanced individual placement and support (IPS) intervention based on the Model of Human Occupation (MoHO); a prospective cohort study
(BMC, 2020-07-08) Prior, Susan; Maciver, Donald; Aas, Randi W.; Kirsh, Bonnie; Lexen, Annika; van Niekerk, Lana; Irvine-Fitzpatrick, Linda; Forsyth, Kirsty
Background: Employment is good for physical and mental health, however people with severe mental illness (SMI) are often excluded from employment. Standard Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is effective in supporting around 55% of people with SMI into employment or education. Current research considers enhancements to IPS to improve outcomes for those requiring more complex interventions. Clinicians need to better understand who will benefit from these enhanced IPS interventions. This study offers a new enhanced IPS intervention and an approach to predicting who may achieve successful outcomes.
Family Group Conferencing for People with Dementia. Evaluation of the Midlothian Pilot 2012/2013
(Queen Margaret University, 2013) Forsyth, Kirsty; Górska, Sylwia; Harrison, Michele; Haughey, Peter; Irvine, Linda; Prior, Susan
Family group conferencing in dementia care: an exploration of opportunities and challenges
(Cambridge University Press, 2015-10-02) Górska, Sylwia; Forsyth, Kirsty; Prior, Susan; Irvine, Linda; Haughey, Peter
Background:: The Family Group Conference (FGC) is an approach to partnership working which brings together service users, their support network and care professionals in a family-led decision making forum. Evidence, though limited, indicates that that FGC can enhance outcomes for service providers and their users. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the pilot FGC service, delivered to people with dementia and their families, in terms of the experience of care provision by families and care professionals involved in the project. Methods:: Focus group interviews were conducted with families and professionals participating in the pilot intervention. Results:: FGC was perceived as having the potential to positively impact service users, their families, service providers and the wider culture of care. However, despite an overall positive evaluation the participants identified a number of challenges related to service implementation. Both the opportunities and challenges identified in this study are discussed in the context of the existing international evidence base. Conclusions:: This study contributes to a better understanding of the applicability of FGC as a strategy to support people with dementia and their families. Although promising in terms of potential outcomes for service users and providers, FGC presents challenges which need to be carefully managed in order to secure maximum benefit to all parties. Copyright International Psychogeriatric Association 2015
An Investigation Into The Relationship Between Psychosocial Factors And Employment Outcomes In A Population Of People With Complex Mental Health Problems Receiving Individual Placement And Support
(Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, 2018) Prior, Susan
Work is one of the most valued roles in society, offering the opportunity to create selfidentity and improve financial and social status. However, people with complex mental health problems (CMHP) are often excluded from this human right. Individual placement and support (IPS) is an effective intervention, supporting just over half of people with CMHP achieve their employment goals. Recently attention has been drawn to the efficiency of services identifying that a positive outcome is most likely to be achieved within a nine-month time frame. Identifying factors which predict success in attaining employment has been the focus of research. Findings are complex and contradictory. Psychosocial factors influence the successful attainment of employment, but are often poorly defined and overlapping, lacking a theoretical conceptualisation and accurate measurement. The research questions to be addressed by this study are: • Can psychosocial variables predict who will obtain employment or education? • Can psychosocial variables predict who will obtain employment or education within nine months, and who will take an extended period of time? A prospective cohort study utilising a secondary dataset from an established IPS service was conducted. Multiple logistic regression allowed construction of models which examine the effects of psychosocial predictors on the probability of the outcomes. Interpretation of the analysis was shared and discussed with clinicians, who are experts in their field, to ensure that findings can be considered from both a statistical significance and clinical significance position. An analysis was performed on data relating to 202 participants of an IPS service. Ability to adapt routines was a significant predictor of both goal attainment and requirement of extended intervention. This study provides evidence that while having strong work-related values are important predictors the translation of these values into lifestyle, expressed through habits and routines, provide stronger predictors of the likelihood of success in IPS.
Mental health in autistic adults: a rapid review of prevalence of psychiatric disorders and umbrella review of the effectiveness of interventions within a neurodiversity informed perspective
(Public Library of Science, 2023-07-13) Curnow, Eleanor; Rutherford, Marion; Maciver, Donald; Johnston, Lorna; Prior, Susan; Boilson, Marie; Shah, Premal; Jenkins, Natalie; Meff, Tamsin
Background Autistic adults have high risk of mental ill-health and some available interventions have been associated with increased psychiatric diagnoses. Understanding prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses is important to inform the development of individualised treatment and support for autistic adults which have been identified as a research priority by the autistic community. Interventions require to be evaluated both in terms of effectiveness and regarding their acceptability to the autistic community. Objective This rapid review identified the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in autistic adults, then systematic reviews of interventions aimed at supporting autistic adults were examined. A rapid review of prevalence studies was completed concurrently with an umbrella review of interventions. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, including protocol registration (PROSPERO#CRD42021283570). Data sources MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Study eligibility criteria English language; published 2011–2022; primary studies describing prevalence of psychiatric conditions in autistic adults; or systematic reviews evaluating interventions for autistic adults. Appraisal and synthesis Bias was assessed using the Prevalence Critical Appraisal Instrument and AMSTAR2. Prevalence was grouped according to psychiatric diagnosis. Interventions were grouped into pharmacological, employment, psychological or mixed therapies. Strength of evidence for interventions was assessed using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Autistic researchers within the team supported interpretation. Results Twenty prevalence studies were identified. Many included small sample sizes or failed to compare their sample group with the general population reducing validity. Prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses was variable with prevalence of any psychiatric diagnosis ranging from 15.4% to 79%. Heterogeneity was associated with age, diagnosis method, sampling methods, and country. Thirty-two systematic reviews of interventions were identified. Four reviews were high quality, four were moderate, five were low and nineteen critically low, indicating bias. Following synthesis, no intervention was rated as ‘evidence based.’ Acceptability of interventions to autistic adults and priorities of autistic adults were often not considered. Conclusions There is some understanding of the scope of mental ill-health in autism, but interventions are not tailored to the needs of autistic adults, not evidence based, and may focus on promoting neurotypical behaviours rather than the priorities of autistic people.
Mental health vocational rehabilitation - occupational therapists perceptions of individual placement and support
(Mark Allen Publishing LTD, 2012-04) Baxter, Claire; Prior, Susan; Forsyth, Kirsty; Maciver, Donald; Meiklejohn, Alison; Irvine, Linda; Walsh, Mike
Research purpose: Vocational rehabilitation (VR) has been the focus of recent government policy, which outlines objectives to support individuals with mental illness into work. To provide such support, Individual Placement and Support (IPS) as one approach, is frequently referred to. This has ignited both discussion and research within the occupational therapy (OT) profession to re-examine its contribution to VR and consider IPS as part of its practice. Aim: To explore Occupational Therapists' (OTs) perceptions about their role within mental health (MH) VR and IPS. Method: This qualitative study conducted semi-structured interviews. The interview transcripts were subject to thematic framework analysis. Findings: The findings revealed similarities and compatibility with OT and IPS. Participants acknowledged the value of IPS for clients who wish to obtain paid employment but also in line with professional values, recognise the value of all worker roles, paid and unpaid. Conclusion: The findings are congruent with discursive literature regarding OT and VR. Consideration given by OTs to the uniqueness and complexities of work as an occupation reinforces their distinct contribution to VR and could extend to IPS. Further research is needed to verify and extend this study's findings.
Neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodiversity: Definition of terms from Scotland's National Autism Implementation Team [Editorial]
(2022-03-28) Shah, Premal J.; Boilson, Marie; Rutherford, Marion; Prior, Susan; Johnston, Lorna; Maciver, Donald; Forsyth, Kirsty
Adults with neurodevelopmental disorders frequently present to, but fit uneasily into, adult mental health services. We offer definitions of important terms related to neurodevelopmental disorders through unifying research data, medical and other viewpoints. This may improve understanding, clinical practice and development of neurodevelopmental disorder pathways within adult mental health services.
Observational Assessments
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008) Kielhofner, G.; Cahill, S. M.; Forsyth, Kirsty; de las Heras, C.; Melton, J.; Raber, C.; Prior, Susan
Outpatient Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in Lothian Wait Times. Retrospective notes analysis
(Queen Margaret University, 2015) Constantinescu, Alexandra C.; Forsyth, Kirsty; Gibson, Amanda; Górska, Sylwia; Harrison, Michele; Irvine, Linda; Murray, Richard; Pentland, Jacqueline M.; Prior, Susan
Perspectives of Those with Lived Experience of Dementia and their Care Givers within the Cultural Context of Midlothian. A Narrative Study.
(Queen Margaret University, 2012) Fairnie, Jane; Flockhart, Janice; Forsyth, Kirsty; Górska, Sylwia; Irvine, Linda; Maciver, Donald; Prior, Susan; Reid, Jenny; Whtehead, Jacqueline
Readiness for Employment: Perceptions of Mental Health Service Users
(Springer, 2013-12-19) Prior, Susan; Maciver, Donald; Forsyth, Kirsty; Walsh, Mike; Meiklejohn, Alison; Irvine, Linda
Work is good for both physical and mental health, and access to work is a basic human right. People with mental health conditions want to work and with the right support can work but are often excluded from the workplace. We explored factors influencing individual's perceptions of their readiness for employment. Participants' narratives focused particularly on personal causation and it's interreactions with other aspects of volition, habituation and the environment and highlight a number of key areas, which are discussed in relation to service provision. Sheltered workshops offer support and some structure and routine but may limit an individual's readiness for employment. Services should be evidence based and focused on real work opportunities which fit with individual's interests and values. Occupational therapy theory offers a unique and valuable perspective in understanding perceptions of readiness for employment and occupational therapists offer valid and useful assessments and interventions for vocational rehabilitation.
A scoping review protocol on precarious work in a European context
(INPLASY, 2024-04-08) Morville, A-L; Fristedt, S; Hart, C; Mondaca, M; Prior, Susan; Quarneti, NR
Service related needs of older people with dementia: perspectives of service users and their unpaid carers.
(Cambridge University Press, 2013-03) Górska, Sylwia; Forsyth, Kirsty; Irvine, Linda; Maciver, Donald; Prior, Susan; Whitehead, Jacqueline; Flockhart, Janice; Fairnie, Jane; Reid, Jenny
Background: Dementia is a major cause of disability among older people and constitutes one of the greatest challenges currently facing families, and health and social care services in the developed world. In response to trends in dementia prevalence and the impact the condition has on peoples' lives, dementia care has been placed high on the public and political agenda in the UK. However, despite significant public resources being allocated to combat the impact of the disease, recent evidence indicates that numerous challenges in relation to service provision remain. This study aimed to develop a deeper understanding of the lived experience of people with dementia regarding their service related needs. Method: The study made use of data gathered through individual semi-structured, narrative interviews conducted with persons with experience of dementia and their unpaid carers. Results: Although participants were generally satisfied with the services they received, a number of unmet needs related to service provision were identified. In terms of diagnostic procedures the findings of this study indicate the need for early diagnosis delivered through a comprehensive assessment package. The participants also highlighted the need for well co-ordinated post-diagnostic support, greater continuity of care concerning the personnel involved, and enhanced access to non-pharmacological interventions to support identity and social engagement. Conclusion: This study contributes to a better understanding of service related needs of people with dementia in relation to diagnostic procedures and post-diagnostic support.