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Browsing by Person "Simonsen, Hanne Gram"

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    Norwegian retroflex stops in a cross linguistic perspective
    (2008-04) Simonsen, Hanne Gram; Moen, Inger; Cowen, Steve
    In this paper, Norwegian retroflex stops are investigated through the combined use of electropalatography (EPG) and electromagnetic articulography (EMA), with extensive and detailed data from four informants. Cross linguistic investigations have shown considerable articulatory variation in retroflex consonants regarding both place of articulation and tongue configuration, making it difficult to establish common articulatory characteristics for these consonants. Through our detailed articulatory investigation, we were able to identify one characteristic only that was always present in retroflex stops in Norwegian, namely an apical articulation. Other characteristics often found in retroflexes, like a posterior place of articulation, a bending up (retroflexion) of the tongue tip, a flat tongue middle, and a forward movement of the tongue tip after the release of the stop ('flapping out'), were found only in some contexts or in some individuals. Overall, the extensive articulatory variation in retroflexes often found in languages with relatively small inventories of coronal consonants was confirmed in our data. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Reply to Sverre Stausland Johnsen, Janne Bondi Johannessen and Bert Vaux
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2013-01) Simonsen, Hanne Gram; Moen, Inger; Cowen, Steve
    This is a reply to the comments by Sverre Stausland Johnsen, Janne Bondi Johannessen, and Bert Vaux to our article from 2008 entitled Norwegian retroflex stops in a cross linguistic perspective (Simonsen, Moen, & Cowen, 2008). We focus on methods, and discuss advantages and problems in the use of EPG and EMA in investigations of articulation and articulatory variation. We argue that the variations found in our data are not the results of dialect variation, but rather a result of the morphological differences in palate shape between individual speakers. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.