Browsing by Person "Smith, James"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Health system governance in settings with conflict-affected populations: a systematic review
(Oxford University Press, 2022-03-22) Lokot, Michelle; Bou-Orm, Ibrahim; Zreik, Thurayya; Kik, Nour; Fuhr, Daniela C; El Masri, Rozane; Meagher, Kristen; Smith, James; Asmar, Michele Kosremelli; McKee, Martin; Roberts, Bayard
Health system governance has been recognized as critical to strengthening healthcare responses in settings with conflict-affected populations. The aim of this review was to examine existing evidence on health system governance in settings with conflict-affected populations globally. The specific objectives were (1) to describe the characteristics of the eligible studies; (2) to describe the principles of health system governance; (3) to examine evidence on barriers and facilitators for stronger health system governance; and (4) to analyse the quality of available evidence. A systematic review methodology was used following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis criteria. We searched six academic databases and used grey literature sources. We included papers reporting empirical findings on health system governance among populations affected by armed conflict, including refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced populations, conflict-affected non-displaced populations and post-conflict populations. Data were analysed according to the study objectives and informed primarily by a governance framework from the literature. Quality appraisal was conducted using an adapted version of the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Of the 6511 papers identified through database searches, 34 studies met eligibility criteria. Few studies provided a theoretical framework or definition for governance. The most frequently identifiable governance principles related to participation and coordination, followed by equity and inclusiveness and intelligence and information. The least frequently identifiable governance principles related to rule of law, ethics and responsiveness. Across studies, the most common facilitators of governance were collaboration between stakeholders, bottom-up and community-based governance structures, inclusive policies and longer-term vision. The most common barriers related to poor coordination, mistrust, lack of a harmonized health response, lack of clarity on stakeholder responsibilities, financial support and donor influence. This review highlights the need for more theoretically informed empirical research on health system governance in settings with conflict-affected populations that draws on existing frameworks for governance.
Participation by conflict-affected and forcibly displaced communities in humanitarian healthcare responses: A systematic review
(Elsevier, 2020-12-09) Rass, Ella; Lokot, Michelle; Brown, Felicity L; Fuhr, Daniela C; Asmar, Michèle Kosremelli; Smith, James; McKee, Martin; Bou-Orm, Ibrahim; Yeretzian, Joumana Stephan; Roberts, Bayard
Background Community participation in health responses in humanitarian crises is increasingly promoted by humanitarian actors to support adoption of measures that are relevant and effective to local needs. Our aim was to understand the role of community participation in humanitarian health responses for conflict-affected populations (including forcibly displaced populations) in low- and middle-income countries and the barriers and facilitators to community participation in healthcare responses. Methods Using a systematic review methodology, following the PRISMA protocol, we searched four bibliographic databases for publications reporting peer-reviewed primary research. Studies were selected if they reported how conflict-affected populations were involved in healthcare responses in low- and middle-income settings, and associated changes in healthcare responses or health outcomes. We applied descriptive thematic synthesis and assessed study quality using study design-specific appraisal tools. Results Of 18,247 records identified through the database searching, 18 studies met our inclusion criteria. Various types of community participation were observed, with participation mostly involved in implementing interventions rather than framing problems or designing solutions. Most studies on community participation focused on changes in health services (access, utilisation, quality), community acceptability and awareness, and ownership and sustainability. Key barriers and facilitators to community participation included political will at national and local level, ongoing armed conflict, financial and economic factors, socio-cultural dynamics of communities, design of humanitarian responses, health system factors, and health knowledge and beliefs. Included studies were of mixed quality and the overall strength of evidence was weak. More generally there was limited critical engagement with concepts of participation. Conclusion This review highlights the need for more research on more meaningful community participation in healthcare responses in conflict-affected communities, particularly in framing problems and creating solutions. More robust research is also required linking community participation with longer-term individual and health system outcomes, and that critically engages in constructs of community participation.
Understanding the health needs of internally displaced persons: A scoping review
(Elsevier, 2021-10-29) Cantor, David James; Swartz, Jina; Bayard, Roberts; Abbara, Aula; Ager, Alastair; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Blanchet, Karl; Bunte, Derebe Madoro; Chukwuorji, JohnBosco Chika; Daoud, Nihaya; Ekezie, Winifred; Jimenez-Damary, Cecilia; Jobanputra, Kiran; Makhashvili, Nino; Rayes, Diana; Restrepo-Espinosa, Maria Helena; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.; Bukola, Salami; Smith, James
We seek to strengthen understanding of the health needs of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in contexts of conflict or violence. Based upon a scoping review, our paper identified limited evidence on IDPs health, but nevertheless indicates that IDPs tend to experience worse health outcomes than other conflict-affected populations across a range of health issues; and this is due to the particularly vulnerable situation of IDPs relative to these other populations, including reduced access to health services. Further research is required to better understand these needs and the interventions that can most effectively address these needs.