Browsing by Person "Wyness, Laura"

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Daily nutrient intake based on lunchtime meal type in a group of 11-14 year old Scottish schoolchildren
(ECronicon, 2016-06-08) Norris, C.; Clapham, Michael; Davidson, Isobel; Wyness, Laura
Background: The introduction of Scottish Nutrient Standards for School Lunches is a key component in improving the diet of the nation's schoolchildren. Lunchtime meal options for Scottish schoolchildren include school meals, packed lunches and lunches purchased beyond the school gate. Methods: To investigate the daily nutrient intake of secondary school children based on the three lunch types above and compare this with the nutrient standards. A cross-sectional analysis of 5-day estimated food diaries from 332 secondary school pupils aged 11-14 years was conducted. Results: All lunch types had poor intakes of NSP, iron, and fruit and vegetables, both at lunchtime and over the whole day. Mean daily energy intake was 7.85 MJ (SD 2.48) for canteen lunches, 8.33 MJ (SD 2.18) for packed lunches and 9.1 MJ (SD 2.38) for street lunches. Mean daily saturated fat intake was for canteen lunches: 29.8 g (SD 13.4), packed lunches: 34.1 g (SD 14.3) and street lunches: 35.0 g (SD 13.6). On canteen lunch days children consumed the least fat, SFA and NMES, and the most folate and calcium. On packed lunch days children had the highest intakes of NSP, vitamin A, iron and fruit and vegetables. Conclusions: Canteen lunch days showed the most favourable nutrient profile in terms of fat, SFA, NMES, folate and calcium. Packed lunch days showed the most favourable intakes of NSP, vitamin A, iron and fruit and vegetables. Findings suggest that children should be encouraged to have canteen lunches.
Domains of fatigue are associated with poor performance and sarcopenia in older Scottish adults
(Cambridge University Press, 2015) Wyness, Laura; Lemmon, Fiona; Arvanitidou, Iro; Bannerman, Elaine; Davidson, Isobel; Jones, Jacklyn
Effect of Pomegranate Extract Consumption on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, Stress Hormones, and Quality of Life in Human Volunteers: An Exploratory Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
(ECronicon, 2015-10-15) Stockton, Angela; Al-Dujaili, Emad A. S.; McDougall, Gordon; Davidson, Isobel; Drummond, Sandra; Wyness, Laura
Background: Pomegranate extract (PE) provides a rich and varied source of biophenols, which can act as powerful antioxidants. The most abundant being ellagitannins, anthocyanins, and ellagic and gallic acid derivatives.. Evidence suggests that pomegranate juice consumption may alleviate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This exploratory study investigates the effect of PE consumption on blood pressure (BP), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), stress hormone levels (cortisol/cortisone) and quality of life in healthy human volunteers. Methods: Seven males and 22 females(n = 29) participated in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled exploratory study (BMI: 25.05 3.91 kg/m_, age: 34.5 13.7 years). All participants consumed either one PE (Pomanox, Pomegreat) or a placebo capsule daily, after a meal, for 4 weeks. Dietary history and habits and the health related Quality of Life questionnaire (Rand 36) were recorded pre- and post-intervention. BP, salivary cortisol and cortisone levels (am, noon, and pm) were assessed by ELISAs, and fasting blood was obtained at baseline and after 4 weeks to compare glucose, insulin and insulin resistance parameters. Results: All participants randomised in the study completed the intervention. Systolic BP was significantly reduced following PE from 120.3 13.3 to 115.6 13.1 mmHg (P = 0.012). There was a reduction in the HOMA-IR levels from2.22 2.62 to 1.61 1.88 (P = 0.045), and glucose, insulin and uric acid all decreased from baseline. No significant changes were recorded in volunteers taking the placebo. PE consumption caused a significant drop of salivary cortisol levels (am; 39.5 19.6%, p < 0.001 and noon; 43.1 32.3%, p = 0.016). The salivary cortisol/cortisone ratio was also significantly reduced (am from 1.11 0.51 to 0.55 0.26, p < 0.001, noon 1.57 0.85 to 0.75 0.72, p < 0.001 and pm; 1.22 0.90 to 0.74 0.59, p = 0.011). Physical (p = 0.018) and social functioning (p = 0.021), pain (p = 0.003), general health (p = 0.008) and overall Quality of Life score (p = 0.007) were significantly improved in those taking the PE capsules. The intervention was delivered successfully with no withdrawals. Conclusions: These results suggest that PE intake rich in biophenols may ameliorate cardiovascular risk factors, reduce stress levels and improve perceived health related quality of life. The reduction in salivary cortisol levels may prove beneficial for people suffering from chronic stress. This exploratory study provides useful information required to conduct a definitive trial.
Nutrition in early life and the risk of asthma and allergic disease
(Mark Allen Healthcare, 2014-07) Wyness, Laura
The prevalence of reported cases of asthma and allergic disease has seen a marked increase throughout the world since the 1960s, particularly in more developed, westernised countries. A key focus of research in this area has been the possible adverse effects of foetal and infant exposure to food allergens. There is some evidence that foetal and infant exposure to a range of allergens via the mother and her breast milk is important in the development of normal immune tolerance. Current advice is that pregnant and breastfeeding women do not need to avoid potential food allergens unless they are allergic themselves, or are advised to modify their diet by a health professional. Delaying the introduction of common food allergies beyond 6 months is unlikely to reduce the likelihood of food allergy and allergic disease. The findings of current ongoing trials investigating the potential benefits of early introduction on allergenic foods into the diet of children-as well as the comprehensive review of complementary and young-child feeding advice currently being conducted by the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition-will help inform guidance in this area..
Nutritional issues of vulnerable groups around pregnancy
(MA Healthcare, 2014-02) Wyness, Laura
Maternal body weight and diet quality, even pre-pregnancy, can affect the uterine environment, birth weight and the baby's subsequent health into adulthood. This article briefly discusses dietary and nutritional advice for women around pregnancy. However, some groups of women may be particularly vulnerable to suboptimal nutrition and therefore may require more targeted diet and nutrition advice. Specific nutrient issues among several vulnerable groups are discussed in this article.
School meal contribution to nutrient intake amongst 11-14 year old Scottish schoolchildren
(E Cronicon, 2016-06-13) Norris, C.; Clapham, Michael; Davidson, Isobel; Wyness, Laura
Objective: To assess nutrient intake of children who buy lunch in school, outside school, or bring a packed lunch to school, and compare this with the nutrient standards. Methods: Secondary school pupils aged 11-14 years (n 332) from two secondary schools in Fife, Scotland, were asked to complete food diaries for a period of five days (Monday to Friday) to record foods and drinks consumed and portion sizes. Nutritional analysis of the diaries was carried out in respect to ten key nutrients/foods for which standards had been defined in the Scottish Nutrient School Standards for Lunches (SNSSL). Descriptive statistics were complied for each lunch type and analysis was conducted to investigate the importance of the lunchtime meal. Results: Around a third of pupils (32.8%) habitually had canteen lunches. The mean energy intake of canteen lunches was 504kcal (2109kJ), compared with 556kcal (2326kJ) for packed lunches and 707kcal (2958kJ) for lunches bought outside of school ('street lunches'). Canteen lunches provided the 'most nutritious lunch', with street lunches providing the 'least nutritious lunch'. Conclusions: The findings from this study emphasise the importance in canteen lunches in terms of nutritional quality as well as quantity, especially in terms of fat and SFA. Even if the overall menu, considered over a week, may meet SNSSL, this study indicates that (owing to food choices made by children in the canteen) the actual lunchtime nutrient intakes of children consuming canteen lunches were often far from achieving the nutritional standards.
Screening for sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in community-dwelling older adults
(Cambridge University Press, 2015) Jones, Jacklyn; Lemmon, Fiona; Arvanitidou, Iro; Bannerman, Elaine; Davidson, Isobel; Wyness, Laura
A systematic review of N-3 and N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration in childhood cancer patients and associated clinical outcomes
(E-Cronicon Open Access, 2019-08-22) Revuelta-Iniesta, Raquel; Wyness, Laura; Wilson, David C.
Background: This systematic review evaluated primary research to establish blood omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA); eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA); arachidonic acid (AA) concentration. The effectiveness of their supplementation on clinical and nutritional outcomes and associations between their concentration and clinical and nutritional outcomes were also evaluated.
The role of red meat in the diet: nutrition and health benefits
(Cambridge University Press, 2015-12) Wyness, Laura
Red meat has been an important part of the human diet throughout human evolution. When included as part of a healthy, varied diet, red meat provides a rich source of high biological value protein and essential nutrients, some of which are more bioavailable than in alternative food sources. Particular nutrients in red meat have been identified as being in short supply in the diets of some groups of the population. This paper discusses the role of red meat in the diets of young infants, adolescents, women of childbearing age and older adults and highlights key nutrients red meat can provide for these groups. The role of red meat in relation to satiety and weight control is discussed as the inclusion of lean red meat in a healthy, varied diet may help weight loss as part of an energy reduced diet. A summary of the UK advice on the amount of red meat that can be consumed as part of a healthy, varied diet is also provided.
Vitamin supplementation and nutrition during pregnancy and breastfeeding
(MA Healthcare, 2015-10) Wyness, Laura
A healthy diet around pregnancy and breastfeeding, which provides adequate nutrients for the mother and her developing baby, is important to ensure optimal health for both. Suboptimal nutrient intakes or intakes that are too high can have a detrimental impact on the mother and her infant in both the short and long term. Even with a healthy diet, supplementation of some vitamins is recommended to meet requirements. This article discusses key vitamins required around the time of pregnancy and during breastfeeding.