Browsing by Person "Zaremba, Suzanne"

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Effects of oat β-glucan consumption at breakfast on ad libitum eating, appetite, glycemia, insulinemia and GLP-1 concentrations in healthy subjects.
(2018-06-18) Zaremba, Suzanne; Gow, Iain F.; Drummond, Sandra; McCluskey, Jane T.; Steinert, Robert E.
There is evidence that oat β-glucan lowers appetite and ad libitum eating; however, not all studies are consistent, and the underpinning mechanisms are not entirely understood. We investigated the effects of 4 g high molecular weight (MW) oat β-glucan on ad libitum eating, subjective appetite, glycemia, insulinemia and plasma GLP-1 responses in 33 normal-weight subjects (22 female/11 male, mean age (y): 26.9 ± 1.0, BMI (kg/m ): 23.5 ± 0.4). The study followed a randomised double-blind, cross-over design with subjects fed two test breakfasts with and without oat β-glucan followed by an ad libitum test meal on two different days. Blood samples and ratings for subjective appetite were collected postprandially at regular time intervals. Oat β-glucan increased feelings of fullness (p = 0.048) and satiety (p = 0.034), but did not affect energy and amount eaten at the ad libitum test meal. There was a treatment by time interaction for plasma GLP-1, plasma insulin and blood glucose. GLP-1 was significantly reduced at 90 min (p = 0.021), blood glucose at 30 min (p = 0.008) and plasma insulin at 30 and 60 min (p = 0.002 and 0.017, respectively) following the oat β-glucan breakfast when compared with the control breakfast. Four grams of high MW oat β-glucan lowers appetite but not ad libitum eating and beneficially modulates postprandial glycaemia, it does however, not increase plasma GLP-1 secretion. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.]
THE EFFECTS OF OAT β-GLUCAN CONSUMPTION ON THE ENERGY INTAKES OF HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS
(Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, 2018) Zaremba, Suzanne
Overweight and obesity are disease states of a huge public health concern, therefore strategies to impede or reverse the current detrimental overweight and obesity epidemic are of fundamental importance. It is important to understand dietary factors that affect appetite and food intake both in short- and long-term, as energy intake can lead to positive energy balance. Following the discovery of the bioactivity of cereal soluble fibre, (1→3,1→4)-β-ᴅ-glucan, there has been extensive attention among researchers, the food industry and consumers since the 1980s. Several authorities, including the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Food and Safety Administration (EFSA) have acknowledged the cardiovascular (CV) health benefits of β-glucan consumption by broadcasting ratified health claims based on robust scientific evidence. Yet despite evidence to suggest that cereal β-glucan can beneficially impact on appetite, the underpinning mechanisms whereby β-glucan influences energy intakes remain elusive. Given that there is no ratified health claim for β-glucan consumption and satiety, the aim of this work was to investigate the impact of oat β-glucan consumption on energy intakes of healthy individuals over both short- and medium-term. β-glucan enrichment of a semi-solid, viscous breakfast (4 g oat β-glucan) had no effect on subsequent eating (p=0.388) in 33 normal-weight subjects (22 female/11 male, mean age (y): 27.0 ± 1.0, BMI (kg/m2): 23.5 ± 0.4), however there was a significant increase in subjective feelings of satiety (p=0.034) and fullness (p=0.048). Additionally, attenuation of glucose (p<0.001) and insulin (p=0.001) were reported alongside a decreased response in GLP-1 after 90 minutes (p=0.021) in study A. A novel β-glucan-enriched oatcake snack (4.46 g β-glucan) had no effect on daily energy intakes of healthy overweight and obese subjects (11 female/2 male, mean age (y): 34 ± 9, BMI (kg/m2): 29.8 ± 4.4) when consumed daily for six weeks when compared to a control snack group during week 3 (p=0.39) or week 6 (p=0.58) of the study. Moreover, there were no significant improvements in markers of abdominal obesity, waist circumference (WC, p=0.67), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD, p=0.38), BMI (p=0.99) or body fat percentage (BF%, p=0.54) between groups in study B following 6 weeks of β-glucan-enriched snack consumption. To conclude, evidence reported in this thesis supports evidence that oat β-glucan consumption does not influence short- or medium-term energy intakes in healthy individuals, however, in the short term β-glucan does increase subjective ratings of appetite and attenuates postprandial glucose, insulin and GLP-1 responses. Keywords: oat β-glucan, energy intake, appetite, GLP-1, body composition
The need to standardize ad libitum eating protocols in dietary fibre appetite research
(Nature Publishing Group, 2016-12-21) Zaremba, Suzanne; Drummond, Sandra; Steinert, R. E.
Since more than 1.9 billion adults worldwide are overweight, of which 600 million are obese,1 it is of vital importance to identify treatment strategies to help overweight and obese patients to lose weight and to improve long-term health. From a nutrition perspective, research has focussed on increasing the satiating power of the diet so that individuals feel full with fewer calories. A potentially effective class of functional foods, modulating appetite and food intake in such ways, is dietary fibre. However, although emerging evidence highlights the positive effects of dietary fibre on appetite and body weight, the methodological approaches are not always consistent and give rise to many uncertainties.