Mainstreaming Physical Activity as a Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Strategy in the Context of Forced Displacement

Abstract

There is significant research on the beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) on psychological symptoms, functioning and self-efficacy, as well as reducing symptoms of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety disorders. Based on this, mainstreaming PA could be a valid Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) strategy in the context of FD, however, it needs to be implemented in a safe way, building on one of the core principles of MHPSS interventions of ‘do no harm’. Currently, there is limited guidance available regarding how to do so appropriately. This primary data study was undertaken to further explore the benefits, identify the risks and mitigation of risks and barriers to scaling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 experts in the field of PA, MH and FD, and the findings were analysed through the conceptual framework, which has been adapted throughout the research process to become the ‘Physical Activity MHPSS Model’. While many benefits were identified, potential risks were also acknowledged, emphasising the need for thorough training of facilitators. This led to the conclusion that the development of international evidence-informed guidelines for PA MHPSS interventions by a multi-disciplinary team, with a strong representation of physiotherapists, could strengthen the credibility and raise more awareness of PA MHPSS interventions among different actors. It would further allow the creation of guidelines to direct targeted training of PA facilitators at each intervention layer, including MH physiotherapists on the top layer of the pyramid, as a core discipline of specialised MH services.