Effects of simultaneous soft tissue mobilization and capacitive and resistive electric transfer therapy using bracelet electrodes in women with chronic non-specific neck pain: A randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Background Chronic non-specific neck pain (CNSNP), persisting for over 12 weeks, is commonly associated with myofascial trigger points. Soft tissue mobilization techniques (STMT) and capacitive and resistive electric transfer therapy (TECAR) may reduce pain and improve function. Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of combining STMT with TECAR using resistive bracelet electrodes in women with CNSNP. Method A parallel-group, assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in accordance with CONSORT guidelines. Eighty women were randomly assigned to an experimental group (STMT + TECAR) or control (STMT only). TECAR was applied at 500 kHz: 10 min of capacitive mode with a conventional electrode, followed by simultaneous STMT and resistive mode using bracelet electrodes. Participants received 15 sessions over five weeks. NPRS, pressure pain thresholds (PPT), cervical range of motion (ROM), and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were assessed at baseline, week 5, and 6-month follow-up. Results The experimental group showed significantly greater improvements at week 5 in NPRS, NDI, all PPT areas, lateral flexion, and right rotation ROM (p < .05). Clinically meaningful improvements in NPRS and NDI were observed only in the experimental group, while both groups achieved clinically significant gains in PPT. Improvements were sustained at six months; left rotation ROM differed only at follow-up. No differences were found in neck flexion or extension. Conclusions Combining STMT with TECAR using bracelet electrodes resulted in superior improvements in pain, function, and ROM in women with CNSNP versus STMT alone, likely due to the synergistic mechanical and thermal effects of the intervention.