Mental health implications of domestic abuse on children: An in-depth literature review of the mental health and developmental impacts of domestic abuse exposure on children and the support services available

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of domestic abuse on children’s mental health and

development in Scotland, addressing a critical gap in knowledge. The research employs a bounded relativism ontology and constructionist epistemology, utilising a comprehensive literature review approach. Six key papers were analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings revealed that approximately 14% of Scottish mothers with children under the age of 7 years have experienced intimate partner violence. Children exposed to domestic abuse often suffer from depression, anxiety, PTSD, and cognitive impairments. The severity of these impacts varies based on factors such as polyvictimisation and frequency of abuse, while a strong mother-child bond can be protective. Significant barriers to support services include lack of awareness, stigma, and poor inter-agency coordination. Current services often fail to adequately address children’s specific needs or provide easy access. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these challenges. The study applies the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Pyramid framework to highlight potential long-term effects of childhood exposure to domestic abuse. However, significant gaps in understanding these long-term outcomes for affected children in Scotland still remain. The research concludes by emphasising the need for more comprehensive, Scotland- specific studies and proposing policy recommendations to enhance early intervention, improve legal system that are quick to act on children’s needs, and provide targeted professional training. These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the impact of domestic abuse on children’s mental health and development in Scotland and provides the starting point for future research and policy development in the crucial area.