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Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Sciences

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/23

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Start date: 2020Has files: No

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 11
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    Effect of Cocoa on Glucocorticoids and Markers of Stress
    (ISCHOM, 2020-12) Tsang, Catherine
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    Potential blood pressure lowering effect of L-citrulline supplementation in at risk populations: a meta-analysis
    (Emerald, 2022-05-10) Jafarnejad, Sadegh; Tsang, Catherine; Amin, Negin
    Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of L-citrulline supplementation on blood pressure (BP) in middle-aged and elderly populations. Design/methodology/approach Three electronic databases, namely, Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus, were searched from 1990 to November 2020. Random effects model analysis was applied for quantitative data synthesis, and 6 trials with 150 participants were identified and included in the analysis. Findings Results showed an overall non-significant effect of L-citrulline supplementation on both systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in middle-aged and elderly participants. However, stratified analysis indicated a significant reduction in SBP (SMD: −0.41, 95% CI: −0.84, 0.02; p = 0.06, heterogeneity p = 0.41; I2 = 10%) but not in DBP (SMD:−0.15, 95% CI: −0.57, 0.28; p = 0.51, heterogeneity p = 0.60; I2 = 0%), following longer-term (= 8 weeks) supplementation of L-citrulline. Additionally, higher doses of L-citrulline (= 6 grams) showed a marginally significant reduction in DBP (SMD: −0.38, 95% CI: −0.78, 0.02; p = 0.06, heterogeneity p = 0.50; I2 = 0%). Originality/value In conclusion, a higher dosage and longer duration of supplementation with L-citrulline may have potential BP lowering effects in populations at an increased risk of hypertension
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    Evaluation of acceptability of 3 vegan oral nutritional supplements
    (Elsevier, 2024-05-20) Henry, Cara; McDaid, Eleanor; Vasileva, Ekaterina; Brewster, Sophie; McDonagh, Roisin; Shaw, Samantha; Clelland, Mairi; Fleming, Carole-Anne
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    Nutrition Screening and Assessment
    (Wiley, 2023-08) Smith, Sara
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    Predicting the behaviour of self-compacting concrete incorporating agro-industrial waste using experimental investigations and comparative machine learning modelling
    (Elsevier, 2023-04-11) Shah, S N R; Siddiqui, Ghulam Rasool; Pathan, Nazia
    This study examines the effects of the silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) together as a binary replacement of cement on the behaviour of self-compacting concrete (SCC) using experimental investigation and application of various machine learning (ML) models developed for this study. The SF and FA were used in combination of 25/75, 50/50, 75/25 proportions with 5%, 10% and 15% cement replacement, respectively, at 3,7, 14- and 28-days curing. In first phase, unit weight, workability, compressive strength (CS) and dimensional stability of the sustainable SCC were investigated through experimental testing. The experimental results revealed that the fresh properties of SCC, at all replacement levels and combination of SF and FA, were remained within the range of the standard values. At the same replacement percentages, the combination of SF/FA of 50/50 was more effective than the other two combinations of SF/FA at the same dosage levels and at all the ages of SCC. The CS was improved by 17% at 15% replacement level when SF and FA were blended at the combination of 50/50. The second phase of this study differentiate this research from the past literature. The collection of modelling algorithms used in this study have never been applied to this kind of data to provide a comparative analysis over two different datasets. The ML modelling was performed using Neural Network Regression (NNR), Decision Forest Regression (DFR), Linear Regression (LR) and Bayesian regression (BR). Initially, the dataset achieved through the experimental investigations performed in this study was modelled. The models efficiently predicted the CS of sustainable SCC when compared with experimental results. Later, the dataset available in the literature was also used to verify the accuracy of the proposed ML models. Based on the findings, the best performing algorithms were LR and NNR, both with R2 = 0.9, that highlights the optimum and enhanced performance of the ML modelling over other numerical methods.
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    Validity and reliability of physiological and perceptual responses during a treadmill-based Soccer Referee Simulation (SRS) [Oral Presentation]
    (European College of Sport Science, 2021-09) McEwan, Gary; Unnithan, Viswanath; Easton, Chris; Glover, A. J.; Arthur, Rosie
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    Changes in markers of body composition of professional male soccer players during pre-season
    (Chengdu Sport University, 2020-09-06) McEwan, Gary; Drobnic, Franchek; Lizarraga, Antonia; Gómez Díaz, Antonio; Pons, Eduard; Dello Iacon, Antonio; Unnithan, Viswanath
    To evaluate changes achieved in whole-body and regional (upper limbs, lower limbs, and trunk) estimates of body composition, twenty professional male soccer players (7 defenders, 7 midfielders, 6 forwards) underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) analysis at the beginning and end of pre-season. Measures included: mass, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and body fat per cent (BF%). Players’ activity during on-field training sessions was monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS) units, with GPS data used to obtain estimations of energy expenditure (EE). Whole-body mass remained unchanged across the pre-season. Moderate significant increases and decreases were achieved in whole-body FFM (Pre: 59.58 ± 5.27 kg; Post: 60.61 ± 5.18 kg; p = 0.001; d = 0.87) and FM (Pre: 10.60 ± 1.88 kg; Post: 9.56 ± 1.81 kg; p = 0.001; d = 0.85), respectively. Moderate significant decreases were achieved in whole-body BF% (Pre: 14.4 ± 2.3%; Post: 12.9 ± 2.0%; p < 0.001; d = 0.94). No significant inter-positional differences were observed for the changes achieved in any global or regional estimate of body composition. Total EE was significantly correlated with ΔFM (r = 0.65, p = 0.002), ΔFFM (r = 0.46, p = 0.03), and ΔBF% (r = 0.67, p = 0.002). The total EE of pre-season training accounted for 42%, 21%, and 45% of the variance in ΔFM, ΔFFM, and ΔBF%, respectively. These findings suggest that the pre-season period is a suitable time for initiating favourable alterations in body composition following the off-season in elite soccer players.
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    Dietary sources of vitamin D in school children in Northern Ireland
    (The Nutrition Society, 2021-08-17) Benson, H.; Glatt, Dominique; Beggan, L.; McSorley, E. M.; Pourshahidi, L. K.; McCluskey, Jane T.; Revuelta-Iniesta, Raquel; Gleeson, Nigel; Magee, P. J.
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    Micronutrient status influences clinical outcomes of paediatric cancer patients during treatment: A prospective cohort study
    (2021-03-20) Revuelta-Iniesta, Raquel; Gerasimidis, Konstantinos; Paciarotti, Ilenia; McKenzie, Jane; Brougham, Mark F. H.; Wilson, David C.
    Research reporting plasma micronutrient status and its impact on clinical outcomes in paediatric cancer is scarce. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of plasma micronutrient abnormalities and their impact on clinical outcomes and treatment complications. A multicentre prospective-cohort study of children aged <18 years diagnosed with cancer was performed between Aug 2010-Jan 2014. Clinical and nutritional data were collected at diagnosis, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months. Micronutrient status was established using in-house laboratory references (vitamin B12, vitamin A and Vitamin E/Ch) and aged adjusted Z-scores (Mg, Se, Zn and Cu) generated from a cohort of healthy Scottish children. Clinical outcomes were classified as "event free survival (EFS)" or "event" (relapse, death, new metastasis or becoming palliative) and treatment complications. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression multilevel analysis were performed. Eighty-two patients [median (IQR) 3.9 (1.9-8.8) years, 56% males] were recruited. Of these, 72 (88%) samples were available, 74% (53/72) patients had micronutrient abnormalities at baseline; deficiencies (25%, 18/72), excesses (19%, 14/72) and a combination of both (29%, 21/72), which continued for 18 months. Vitamin A deficiency (15%, 3/20) and excess (50%, 10/20) were most prevalent at 18 months, whilst vitamin E/Cholesterol and vitamin B12 were mostly within the normal range. Prevalence of Zn deficiency at diagnosis was 36% (16/44 adjusted for CRP), which remained at these levels throughout the study. Reduction in each selenium concentration unit increased the odds of an event by 2% (OR 0.02) and lower Se predicted higher complications at diagnosis [β (-1.2); t (-2.1); 95% CI (-2.9 - (-0.04)); p = 0.04], 3 months [β (-3.9); t (-4.2); 95% CI (-5.57 - (-2.02)); p < 0.001] and 12 months [β (-2.3); t (-2.4); 95% CI (-4.10 - (-0.34)); p = 0.02]. Given the prevalence of micronutrient abnormalities and the negative impact of low selenium on clinical outcome, micronutrient status should be assessed and monitored in paediatric cancer patients. Larger multicentre population based studies and clinical trials are now warranted.