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Nursing

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    The contribution of a person-centred model of Lean Six Sigma to the development of a healthful culture of health systems improvement
    (Frontiers Media, 2025-08-18) Teeling, Sean Paul; Baldie, Deborah; Daly, Ailish; Keown, Anne Marie; Igoe, Aileen; Dowling, Ciara; McNamara, Martin
    Background: A failure to distinguish between person-centredness, person-centred care, and person-centred cultures can result in improvement initiatives focusing solely on improvement initiative metrics and outcomes, excluding the authentic experiences of patients and staff. Building on the foundational work of Dewing and McCormack, we have designed, piloted, and implemented the Person-centred Lean Six Sigma (PCLSS) model in public and private acute and community healthcare settings across Ireland. This model uses Lean Six Sigma, a widely adopted improvement methodology, through a person-centred lens with which improvement practitioners and healthcare staff can inspect their Lean Six Sigma practice and critically evaluate whether, to what extent, and how it is synergistic with person-centred approaches. Aim: This paper explores the deployment of the PCLSS model across four clinical study sites and examines its alignment with McCance and McCormack's conceptual work on healthful cultures, evaluating its contribution to creating cultures that support sustainable improvement, compassion, and respect. Methods: The PCLSS model was embedded within a university-accredited education programme for healthcare staff. The model was applied across four distinct healthcare settings in Ireland: a public acute teaching hospital, a private full-service acute hospital, an integrated ophthalmology service bridging hospital and community care, and a public rehabilitation hospital. A case study methodology was used to examine implementation and impact. Results: Across all four sites, the PCLSS model facilitated improvements in operational efficiency, staff and patient engagement, interprofessional collaboration, and reflective practice. The model supported leadership at all levels, fostered sustainable change, and successfully mapped onto key domains associated with healthful cultures, as articulated in the work of McCance and McCormack. Conclusion: The PCLSS model represents a sustainable, values-based approach to improvement that aligns operational excellence with person-centred principles. Its application contributes meaningfully to the development of healthful cultures in healthcare organisations.
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    A case study of a whole system approach to improvement in an acute hospital setting
    (MDPI, 2022-01-22) Ward, Marie E.; Daly, Ailish; McNamara, Martin; Garvey, Suzanne; Teeling, Sean Paul
    Changes in healthcare tend to be project-based with whole system change, which acknowledges the interconnectedness of socio-technical factors, not the norm. This paper attempts to address the question of whole system change posed by the special issue and brings together other research presented in this special issue. A case study approach was adopted to understand the deployment of a whole system change in the acute hospital setting along four dimensions of a socio-technical systems framework: culture, system functioning, action, and sense-making. The case study demonstrates evidence of whole system improvement. The approach to change was co-designed by staff and management, projects involving staff from all specialities and levels of seniority were linked to each other and to the strategic objectives of the organisation, and learnings from first-generation projects have been passed to second and third-generation process improvements. The socio-technical systems framework was used retrospectively to assess the system change but could also be used prospectively to help healthcare organisations develop approaches to whole system improvement.
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    A realist inquiry to identify the contribution of Lean Six Sigma to person-centred care and cultures
    (MDPI, 2021-10-03) Teeling, Sean Paul; Dewing, Jan; Baldie, Deborah
    A lack of fidelity to Lean Six Sigma’s (LSS) philosophical roots can create division between person-centred approaches to transforming care experiences and services, and system wide quality improvement methods focused solely on efficiency and clinical outcomes. There is little research into, and a poor understanding of, the mechanisms and processes through which LSS education influences healthcare staffs’ person-centred practice. This realist inquiry asks ‘whether, to what extent and in what ways, LSS in healthcare contributes to person-centred care and cultures’. Realist review identified three potential Context, Mechanism, Outcome configurations (CMOcs) explaining how LSS influenced practice, relating to staff, patients, and organisational influences. Realist evaluation was used to explore the CMOc relating to staff, showing how they interacted with a LSS education Programme (the intervention) with CMOc adjudication by the research team and study participants to determine whether, to what extent, and in what ways it influenced person-centred cultures. Three more focused CMOcs emerged from the adjudication of the CMOc relating to staff, and these were aligned to previously identified synergies and divergences between participants’ LSS practice and person-centred cultures. This enabled us to understand the contribution of LSS to person-centred care and cultures that contribute to the evidence base on the study of quality improvement beyond intervention effectiveness alone.