Previously known as acute renal failure, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a syndrome which
refers to the rapid deterioration of renal function in both kidneys which can occur over a
period of hours or days, impairing the kidneys’ ability to maintain fluid, electrolyte and
acid-base balance (Ostermann and Joannidis, 2016). This article describes the
pathophysiology, aetiology and management of Acute Kidney Injury in acutely ill
patients cared for within critical care settings, in order to enhance nursing knowledge
and understanding of the underlying pathophysiological processes and specific critical
care management strategies required.
