Back shape assessment in each of three positions in preoperative patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: evaluation of a 10-level Scoliometer method interpolated to 18-levels.

Abstract

A Scoliometer was used by one observer (RKP) to assess the reproducibility of angle of trunk inclinations (ATIs) in 13 preoperative patients with AIS (thoracic 7, thoracolumbar 6, mean Cobb angle 50 degrees, right 9, age 15.4 years, girls 10). Three positions were used namely standing forward-bending, (FB) sitting FB and prone. Readings of ATI on the back were obtained at each of 10 levels (T1-S1). The subject was repositioned after walking around the room and a second set of readings obtained (repeats). All readings were converted by a computer program to 18 levels and plotted. The readings from 18 levels were analysed by level, as well as summated and averaged both without and with correction for the side of the curve. Conclusions. Back surface asymmetry measured with a Scoliometer in these preoperative patients with AIS is less in the prone position than in each of the forward bending positions. The standing FB position has the best reproducibility which supports the practice of using this position to measure Scoliometer ATIs in preoperative patients with AIS.

Research evidence suggests that UK consumers are facingsignificant problems with goods and services and are inneed of information and advice to avoid or redress suchsituations. Consumers are not always aware of their rightsnor where they can access consumer advice services. In2000, the Department of Trade and Industry launched theConsumer Support Network (CSN) programme in Great Britainto improve consumer access to expert, accurate andtimely advice. One challenge faced by these Networks andmany other agencies is to assess the needs of consumersfor consumer information and advice services. A needsassessment is required as a key element in the effectiveplanning and development of services in each Network at alocal level. The focus of the needs assessment at the locallevel is to encourage Networks to consider suitable solutions to meet the needs of people in their communities. This paper provides a review of the development of Consumer Support Networks in Great Britain and discusses the importance of needs assessment to service providers such as CSNs and other agencies. It reveals the complexity associated with conducting effective needs assessments including the various aspects of needs, consumer segmentation and characteristics of consumer information and advice. Further research is being carried out at Queen Margaret University College, UK, with a view to the development of a scientific model for the assessment of need for consumer information and advice services.