An in-vitro Assessment of Arterial Tone in Response to Altered Concentrations of Extracellular Magnesium

Abstract

Background: The presence of Magnesium in the human body is vital as it plays a role in more than 300 enzyme functions. However, in the present day it is being noted how its depletion associates with the presence of many disease states. Diabetes and hypertension are both two conditions which have been highlighted as patients commonly suffer from low levels of Mg. This indicates the need for the emphasis in increasing magnesium intake. Because of this, research has been conducted that looks at the possible effects varying concentrations of Mg can have. Aim: Due to the high association between low levels of Mg and Diabetes, and then the increased risk of developing hypertension, an investigation was conducted that looked to assess the effects low and high levels of magnesium can have in the contraction of an arterial vessel. Methods: Using an in-vitro technique, arteries were mounted in a wire myograph machine where the concentration had been varied. Magnesium was either present in normal physiological values, completely absent or present in high concentrations. An anti-hypertensive drug was also used as a positive control to compare with the possible beneficial effects on arterial tone seen when magnesium concentration was high. Results: There was no significant difference when observing mechanical properties of the vessel when magnesium concentrations were varied. Conclusion: The study did highlight certain trends in the data that were in agreement with published literature, that when there is no magnesium present, the arterial vessels are more sensitive to contraction. And when they are present in high concentrations, it is more difficult to get a powerful contraction. However, there is further research required to corroborate the suggestions made throughout this investigation.