Browsing by Person "Davidson, Isobel"

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25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in paediatric cancer patients from Scotland: A prospective cohort study
(Cambridge University Press, 2016-12-15) Revuelta-Iniesta, Raquel; Paciarotti, Ilenia; Davidson, Isobel; McKenzie, Jane; Brand, Celia; Chin, Richard; Brougham, Mark FH; Wilson, D. C.
Children with cancer are potentially at high risk of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] inadequacy and despite UK vitamin D supplementation guidelines their implementation remains inconsistent. Thus, we aimed to investigate 25(OH)D concentration and factors contributing to 25(OH)D inadequacy in paediatric cancer patients. A prospective cohort study of Scottish children aged <18 years, diagnosed with and treated for cancer (patients) between Aug 2010-Jan 2014 was performed, with control data from Scottish healthy children (controls). Clinical and nutritional data were collected at defined periods up to 24 months. 25(OH)D status was defined by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2013); inadequacy [<50 nmol/L: deficiency (<25 nmol/L), insufficiency (25-50 nmol/L)], sufficiency (51-75 nmol/L), optimal (>75 nmol/L). Eighty-two patients [median(IQR) age 3.9(1.9-8.8); 56% males)] and 35 controls [median(IQR) age (6.2(4.8-9.1); 49% males] were recruited. 25(OH)D inadequacy was highly prevalent in the controls (63%; 22/35), and in the patients (64%; 42/65) at both baseline and during treatment (33-50%). Non-supplemented children had the highest prevalence of 25(OH)D inadequacy at every stage with 25(OH)D median(IQR) ranging from 32.0 (21.0-46.5) nmol/L to 45.0(28.0-64.5) nmol/L. Older age at baseline [R=-0.46; p<0.001], overnutrition (BMI ≥85th centile) at 3 months [p=0.005; RR=3.1] and not being supplemented at 6 months (p=0.04; RR=4.3) may have contributed to lower plasma 25(OH)D. Paediatric cancer patients are not at higher risk of 25(OH)D inadequacy than healthy children at diagnosis; however prevalence of 25(OH)D inadequacy is still high and non-supplemented children have a higher risk. Appropriate monitoring and therapeutic supplementation should be implemented.
A 12 week activity point system achieves weight loss in sedentary overweight and obese women: a pilot study
(Cambridge University Press, 2012) Findlay, Sally; Davidson, Isobel; Smith, Sara; Jones, Jacklyn
A pilot study to investigate the effect of stage one thickened fluids on fluid and energy intake among healthy subjects
(Wiley, 2010) MacKemman, G.; Bannerman, Elaine; Davidson, Isobel; Jones, Jacklyn
A Randomised Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of a Nucleotide-Containing Supplement Nucell on Symptoms of Participants with the Common Cold - A Pilot Study
(ECronicon, 2016-05-20) Davidson, Isobel; Fyfe, Lorna
Objectives: To ascertain whether a nucleotide containing nutritional supplement Nucell attenuates self-reported symptoms of the common cold. Design: A randomised controlled trial. Setting: A University. Participants: Participants with self-reported symptoms of the common cold but otherwise healthy individuals. Intervention: Nucell capsules containing a yeast-based nucleotide preparation or placebo were provided over a 28 day period. Outcome Measures: Subjective ratings of symptoms were recorded by self-administered questionnaires using a nine-point scale. Salivary IgA concentrations were analysed from samples collected during the first 7 days and then at days 14,21 and 28 of supplementation. Total and white blood cell counts were also measured throughout the intervention. Results: Thirty-six participants completed the study. Nineteen received Nucell and 17 received the placebo. The mean age of participants was similar (29.8 + 2.5 in Nucell group v 30.7 + 2.7 in control group) and the time participants had been suffering from cold-related symptoms was not significantly different in each treatment group (2.5 + 0.40 days in Nucell v 2.9 + 0.47 days in control group). Severity of self-reported symptoms was significantly attenuated in the Nucell treated group in the first week of supplementation for questions asked with respect to taste, painful sinuses and earache (p< 0.05). Supplementation with Nucell did not adversely affect total or differential white blood counts. Conclusion: These results suggest that Nucell supplementation administered as a treatment for cold-related symptoms may reduce the severity of specific symptoms particularly in the early infective phase. In conclusion, Nucell supplementation may provide subjective relief of some cold-related symptoms and may be of significant benefit administered as a treatment in participants where sinus pain, earache and diminished taste are common symptoms.
A randomised trial of the impact of energy density and texture of a meal on food and energy intake, satiation, satiety, appetite and palatability responses in healthy adults
(Elsevier, 2014-10) Pritchard, Sarah J.; Davidson, Isobel; Jones, Jacklyn; Bannerman, Elaine
Background & aims: Texture modified diets may be enriched to optimise the opportunity for individuals to meet their required energy intakes; however there is insufficient evidence supporting this strategy. Thus we sought to investigate the effect of texture and energy density on food (g) and energy intakes (kcal), appetite (satiation and satiety), and palatability in healthy adults. Methods: A single blind within-subjects randomised crossover design, where 33 healthy adults consumed a test meal with either its texture and/or energy density altered, until satiation was reached whilst rating their appetite parameters. Subsequent intakes were recorded in a food diary to determine the effect of the treatments on satiety and identify any evidence of energy compensation. Results: Test meal energy intakes (kcal) were significantly higher with energy enrichment of both meals (standard texture; 315 kcal and texture modified; 303 kcal (p = 0.001)) and remained higher over the day for both (260 kcal/d and, 225 kcal/d respectively (p < 0.05)). Area under the curve (AUC) did not differ between meals for hunger, fullness, or desire to eat however palatability was significantly reduced with texture modification. Conclusions: Enriching meals (standard texture and texture modified) is an effective method to increase short term energy intakes in healthy adults over a 24 h period and may have application to optimise energy intakes in a clinical setting. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT00123456. 2013 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
A study of Fluid provision and consumption in a rehabilitation hospital in Scotland, UK
(Cambridge University Press, 2011-01) Williams, L.; Jones, Jacklyn; Davidson, Isobel; Bannerman, Elaine
A study of fluid provision and consumption in elderly patients in a long-stay rehabilitation hospital
(2015-07) Gaff, L.; Jones, Jacklyn; Davidson, Isobel; Bannerman, Elaine
Background Adequate hydration is key to good clinical care and essential for preventing problems in elderly patients such as constipation, pressure sores and confusion. The present study aimed to evaluate fluid provision and consumption in elderly patients against current standards for Scottish hospitals. Methods A service evaluation, of fluid provision and consumption over 24 h by elderly orthopaedic rehabilitation patients in a long-stay hospital in Scotland was conducted. Fluids provided and consumed from trolley services, those at meal times and beverages from jugs of water were measured. The average fluid content of a jug, cup and glass on each ward was determined. Each jug of water provided was recorded, as was the acceptance of hot and cold drinks offered. Intake was determined by measuring the leftover water in each jug when these were refreshed and any leftover liquid in patients' cups deducted from that provided. Observations were made with respect to the presentation and encouragement of fluids. Results Fifty-eight patients (12 males, 46 female, aged ≥65 years) were monitored, of whom 56 were provided with more than the recommended minimum fluid per day [mean (SEM) = 2379 (82) mL]; however, mean intake was lower than recommended [mean (SEM) = 1302 (60) mL; P = 0.002]. Provision of drinks from a trolley service [mean (SEM) = 956 (44) mL] was less than fluid from jugs [mean (SEM) = 1398 (54) mL; P = 0.002]; however, the consumption of drinks from the trolley was greater [77% consumed, mean (SEM) = 770 (46) mL] than from jugs [41% mean (SEM) = 514 (36) mL; P < 0.001]. Conclusions Patients consumed significantly more fluid from individual beverages than jugs. Consideration of the method of fluid provision is important with respect to influencing fluid intakes.
Aesthetic properties of texture modified foods
(Wiley, 2010) Hopper, E.; Bannerman, Elaine; Davidson, Isobel; Jones, Jacklyn
Altered subjective appetite parameters in Crohn's disease patients.
(2001) Bannerman, Elaine; Davidson, Isobel; Conway, C.; Culley, D.; Aldhous, M. C.; Ghosh, S.
Altered appetite and early satiety may promote anorexia associated with Crohn's disease. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of disease activity on subjective appetite parameters in Crohn's disease patients.
An investigation into food and fluid provision and consumption in a Scottish rehabilitation hospital for older adults
(Elsevier, 2015-10) Ofstad, TWK; Bannerman, Elaine; Davidson, Isobel; Jones, Jacklyn
An investigation into food provision and consumption in a care home setting in the UK
(Cambridge University Press, 2010) Cunneen, S.; Jones, Jacklyn; Davidson, Isobel; Bannerman, Elaine
An investigation into food provision and consumption in an orthopaedic rehabilitation hospital in Scotland, UK
(Cambridge University Press, 2011-01) Williams, L.; Jones, Jacklyn; Davidson, Isobel; Bannerman, Elaine
An investigation into the aesthetic ratings of fortified foods commonly provided in hospitals
(Cambridge University Press, 2010) Memmott, S.; Jones, Jacklyn; Davidson, Isobel; Bannerman, Elaine
An investigation of food provision and consumption in a care home setting
(Mark Allen Healthcare, 2011-05-04) Cunneen, S.; Jones, Jacklyn; Davidson, Isobel; Bannerman, Elaine
Background: Malnutrition and dehydration are life-threatening conditions affecting a large proportion of the elderly community in care homes. Despite the provision of guidelines aimed at ensuring the nutritional requirements of individuals are met, the prevalence of malnutrition remains particularly high in institutionalized older adults. This article describes a study carried out in one Scottish care home to assess food and fluid provision and consumption among care home residents and also identify the contribution different eating occasions make to food intakes. Participants: Participants for the study were recruited from a private long-term care home facility in the Edinburgh locality. Individuals receiving palliative treatment were excluded from this study. Participants needed to reside full time at the nursing home for inclusion to the study. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study (case study) to determine food provision and also food consumption of care home residents. Dietary intake of each participant was recorded and analyzed for a 24 hour period using plate-wastage methodology. All foods and fluids throughout the day were weighed using calibrated scales (1.0 g) both before foods were served to residents and any leftovers were weighed following consumption. Foods were recorded as per each eating occasion, namely breakfast, lunch, evening meal and also any snacks or drinks. Estimated energy, fluid and macronutrient content of the food provided and consumed was estimated using Windiets dietary analysis software (2005) and then compared to FSA Guidelines (FSA 2007) using one sample t-tests (P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance). Results: Food provision and consumption for a total of 25 residents was measured (n = 3 males: n = 22 females); mean (SD) age 86(8) years. There was no significant difference between energy provided (mean SEM) 2001 59 kcal compared with recommended provision 1955 kcal (FSA, 2007). However, significantly less energy than recommended (mean SEM) (163472 kcal) was consumed (P < 0.01). More than 95% of snacks provided were consumed, as a result these contributed an equivalent proportion to overall energy intake as breakfast and lunch, but these were not rich in protein. Conclusion: Provision of food and fluids within the care home meets FSA guidance, but residents tended to consume significantly less than what was provided thus nutritional deficiencies may exist. Further investigation into snack provision is warranted
Assessing the validity and acceptability of DietPhone as a dietary measurement tool in adolescent girls
(Cambridge University Press, 2010) Hickman, A.; Aitchison, Ken; Davidson, Isobel; Clapham, Michael
Assessment of Plasma Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Paediatric Cancer Patients: A Prospective Cohort Pilot Study
(ECronicon Open Access, 2015-10-07) Revuelta-Iniesta, Raquel; Wilson, David C.; Brougham, Mark FH; Smail, Nacer Foudil; Davidson, Isobel; McKenzie, Jane; Fergus Maclay Leukaemia Trust; Queen Margaret University; Cancer and Leukaemia Trust
Background: Paediatric cancer patients may have a limited dietary intake, particularly nutrients high in antioxidants, docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA). Objective: To investigate the antioxidant status (TAS), antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress, DHA and EPA of paediatric cancer patients during treatment. Methods: A prospective cohort study of Scottish children aged <18 years, diagnosed with and treated for cancer between April-2013 to Jan-2014 was performed. Clinical data and blood samples were collected at baseline and 6 months. Data were stratified by treatment risk (low, medium and high) and nutritional support. We used Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) Antioxidant Assay to measure TAC, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) for lipid peroxidation and high performance liquid chromatography and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for TAS. The analyses of DHA and EPA were performed by analysing fatty acidmethyl esters (FAME) using gas-liquid chromatography. The reference ranges used were: Yagi 1998 (1.86-3.94) _mol for lipid peroxidation and Damsgaard.,et al. 2014 for EPA (0.45-0.77) % and DHA (2.22-3.76) %. Results: 20 patients (median (IQR) age 4.2 (1.5-8.5) years; 50% males) were recruited. There were no significant changes in plasma TAS, TAC and EPA, but lipid peroxidation significantly decreased from 7.4 (6.2-9.0) at baseline to 5.3 (4.5-6.4) _mol/MDA at 6 months(p = 0.003). The median (IQR) blood percentage of DHA significantly increased from 1.3 (0.9-1.9) to 1.8 (1.3-2.1) (p = 0.001). Lipid peroxidation was high in 95% (19/20) of patients at baseline and 94% (15/16) at 6 months; whilst DHA and EPA were low in 95%(19/20) and 70% (14/20) at baseline and 87.5% (14/16) and 60% (12/16) at 6 months. Children on high-treatment risk exhibited the highest oxidative stress levels. No statitically significant differences were found between non-supplemented and supplemented children in any of the following parameters (TAS, TAC, oxidative stress, EPA and DHA). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of oxidative stress, especially in children treated with high-risk protocols and during the initial phases of treatment. Nutritional support does not appear to provide enough TAS, EPA and DHA in this cohort; however, larger high-quality population based studies are warranted to confirm these findings. Keywords: Paediatric cancer; Antioxidants; Oxidative stress; Docosahexanoic acid; Eicosapentanoic acid
Breakfast and Cognition: poster presentation
(S Karger AG, 2003) Mehrota, S.; Clapham, Michael; Davidson, Isobel; Chisholm, Vivienne
Daily nutrient intake based on lunchtime meal type in a group of 11-14 year old Scottish schoolchildren
(ECronicon, 2016-06-08) Norris, C.; Clapham, Michael; Davidson, Isobel; Wyness, Laura
Background: The introduction of Scottish Nutrient Standards for School Lunches is a key component in improving the diet of the nation's schoolchildren. Lunchtime meal options for Scottish schoolchildren include school meals, packed lunches and lunches purchased beyond the school gate. Methods: To investigate the daily nutrient intake of secondary school children based on the three lunch types above and compare this with the nutrient standards. A cross-sectional analysis of 5-day estimated food diaries from 332 secondary school pupils aged 11-14 years was conducted. Results: All lunch types had poor intakes of NSP, iron, and fruit and vegetables, both at lunchtime and over the whole day. Mean daily energy intake was 7.85 MJ (SD 2.48) for canteen lunches, 8.33 MJ (SD 2.18) for packed lunches and 9.1 MJ (SD 2.38) for street lunches. Mean daily saturated fat intake was for canteen lunches: 29.8 g (SD 13.4), packed lunches: 34.1 g (SD 14.3) and street lunches: 35.0 g (SD 13.6). On canteen lunch days children consumed the least fat, SFA and NMES, and the most folate and calcium. On packed lunch days children had the highest intakes of NSP, vitamin A, iron and fruit and vegetables. Conclusions: Canteen lunch days showed the most favourable nutrient profile in terms of fat, SFA, NMES, folate and calcium. Packed lunch days showed the most favourable intakes of NSP, vitamin A, iron and fruit and vegetables. Findings suggest that children should be encouraged to have canteen lunches.
Dietary intakes in geriatric orthopaedic rehabilitation patients: Need to look at food consumption not just provision
(Elsevier, 2015-06-19) Bannerman, Elaine; Cantwell, Linda; Gaff, Lisa; Conroy, Ashiling; Davidson, Isobel; Jones, Jacklyn
Differences in Diet Induced Thermogenesis and Satiety with Different Protein Loads
(Science Domain International, 2014) Kennedy, R.; Davidson, Isobel
Background: Evidence supports the effect of protein to increase diet induced thermogenesis and satiety; promoting effective weight loss in the management of obesity [1,2]. However, there is limited evidence to indicate the optimum protein source that will elicit maximum effects on diet induced thermogenesis and satiety. This study aims to investigate the effect of isocaloric meals containing varying protein sources on diet induced thermogenesis and satiety in healthy individuals. Methods: The study applied a cross over design and recruited healthy individuals; both male and female via the University recruitment moderator email. Participants completed a screening questionnaire and those with food intolerances to the meals provided, claustrophobia or metabolic disturbances were excluded from the study. Participants attended two separate testing sessions and completed 24 hour diet histories pre and post testing sessions. Participants were required to fast and refrain from vigorous physical activity for 12-14 hours respectively prior to testing. On their initial visit; weight, height and BMI were recorded. Resting energy expenditure, using indirect calorimetry, and appetite parameters, using 10 mm visual analogue scales (VAS), were measured at each testing session. Participants were provided with a different meal at each session containing varying protein sources. Meal 1: Porridge and milk (Kcals 267, P 15.4g, CHO 31.5g, Fat 9.6g), Meal 2: Scrambled eggs (Kcals 266, P 16.6g, CHO 20g, Fat 13.9g). Post meal consumption energy expenditure was recorded until resting values were re-established. Diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) was calculated using an area under the curve (AUC) calculation and a paired two tailed t test was used in order to determine differences in appetite parameters as well as caloric intake and typical intake post meal consumption. A significance level of P ≤0.05 was applied. Ethical approval was granted from the Queen Margaret University Ethics Committee. Results: 10 participants, male to female ratio of 1:9, aged 22-29 years and BMI range of 20-24Kg/M2 completed testing. Energy Expenditure (EE) was found to be significantly higher post consumption of Meal 1 (P= 0.001). From this, DIT was calculated. A greater DIT of 2691.5 AU was calculated for Meal 1, porridge and milk, in comparison to 796 AU for the scrambled egg, Meal 2. Discussion: Meal 1 elicited significantly higher EE (P =0.001) and produced over 3 fold the levels of DIT to Meal 2. Meal 1 was significantly more satiating for ‘How much could you eat’ and ‘Desire to eat’. Evidence supports higher protein diets result in increased levels of EE and satiety in comparison to isocaloric diets consisting of lower protein quantities or higher quantities of alternative macronutrients, however, limited research exists on individual protein sources [2]. Limitations include: small cohort and differences in macronutrient quantities of meals. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that different protein sources elicit varying degrees of diet induced thermogenesis and satiety in a group of healthy individuals, however, further research is needed to ascertain the optimum protein source to produce the most significant effects on DIT and satiety.