Occupational Therapy and Arts Therapies
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Item Participation‐related constructs and participation of children with additional support needs in schools(Wiley, 2022-09-25) Maciver, Donald; Roy, Anusua Singh; Johnston, Lorna; Tyagi, Vaibhav; Arakelyan, Stella; Kramer, Jessica M.; Richmond, Janet; Romero‐Ayuso, Dulce; Nakamura‐Thomas, Hiromi; Todorova, Liliya; van Hartingsveldt, Margo; Forsyth, KirstyMaciver, D., Roy, A.S., Johnston, L., Tyagi, V., Arakelyan, S., Kramer, J.M., Richmond, J., Romero‐Ayuso, D., Nakamura‐Thomas, H., SPQ Study Group, Todorova, L., van Hartingsveldt, M. and Forsyth, K. (2022) ‘Participation‐related constructs and participation of children with additional support needs in schools’, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, p. dmcn.15390. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.15390. To investigate associations between participation-related constructs and participation frequency and involvement in inclusive schools. In this cross-sectional study, teachers of children with additional support needs, including intellectual disability, autism, and learning difficulties, completed measures. Participation-related constructs were measured using the School Participation Questionnaire; participation frequency and involvement were measured using the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth. A series of multilevel linear mixed-effects regression models with maximum likelihood estimates and bootstrap confidence intervals with p-values were obtained. Final models included participation-related constructs and participation, controlling for demographic and diagnostic confounders (including age, sex, language, level of school support, and autism). Six hundred and eighty-eight children (448 [65.1%] males; mean age 8 years 7 months [range 4 years 10 months-12 years 13 months, standard deviation 2 years 1 months]) were assessed by 252 teachers. Across a series of models, participation-related constructs were consistently associated with more intensive participation (competence, environment, identity p < 0.001; symptoms p = 0.007), independent of confounders. More frequent participation remained associated with three of four participation-related constructs (competence, identity p < 0.001; environment p = 0.021). Age (p = 0.046), language (p = 0.002), and level of school support (p = 0.039) also remained significantly associated with frequency of participation. Children with additional support needs in inclusive schools may have several participation barriers. Policies and interventions to improve participation are needed. [Abstract copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Mac Keith Press.]Item Community‐based participation of children with and without disabilities(Wiley, 2019-11-25) Arakelyan, Stella; Maciver, Donald; Rush, Robert; O'Hare, Anne; Forsyth, KirstyAIM To describe and compare the socio-demographic characteristics and community-based participation of children with and without disabilities.Item Participation of children with disabilities in school: A realist systematic review of psychosocial and environmental factors(Public Library of Science, 2019-01-29) Maciver, Donald; Rutherford, Marion; Arakelyan, Stella; Kramer, Jessica; Richmond, Janet; Todorova, Liliya; Romero-Ayuso, Dulce; Nakamura-Thomas, Hiromi; ten Velden, Marjon; Finlayson, Ian; O’Hare, Anne; Forsyth, KirstyBackground - In order to make informed decisions about how best to support children and young people with disabilities, effective strategies that facilitate active and meaningful participation in school are required. Clinical factors, diagnosis or impairments somewhat helpful in determining what should be provided in interventions. However, clinical factors alone will not offer a clear view of how to support participation. It is helpful then to look at wider psychosocial and environmental factors. The aim of this review was to synthesise evidence of psychosocial and environmental factors associated with school participation of 4–12 year old children with disabilities to inform the development of participation-fostering interventions.Item Family factors associated with participation of children with disabilities: A systematic review(Wiley, 2019-01-06) Arakelyan, Stella; Maciver, Donald; Rush, Robert; O'Hare, Anne; Forsyth, KirstyAIM: The aim of this review was to synthesise empirical evidence of family factors associated with participation of children with disabilities aged 5-12 years to inform the development of family-centred participation-fostering interventions. METHOD: A systematic search was performed for articles published in English between 2001 and 2017 in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and ASSIA following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines (registration no: CRD42017078202). Quality of evidence was appraised using the Research Triangle Institute Item Bank. Family factors associated with participation were identified and assessed using a multistage “semi-quantitative” approach. RESULTS: Thirty studies were included in the review. Four non-modifiable “status” factors consistently associated with participation were parental ethnicity, parental education, family type and family socio-economic status. Six modifiable “process” factors with consistent associations with participation were parental mental and physical health functioning, parental self-efficacy beliefs, parental support, parental time, family preferences and activity orientation. INTERPRETATION: Rehabilitation professionals should direct their focus towards modifiable family factors as primary targets for family-centred interventions. Strategies that can improve families’ access to information, counselling, and community support services are likely to support children’s participation by empowering families and optimizing their health and well-being.