Background and Objectives: General self-efficacy (GSE) encourages health-promoting behaviors in older adults. It is unsurprising then, that older adults receiving healthcare services are reported to have a greater risk of low GSE than older adults who are not. Despite this, there is currently limited evidence investigating whether the effect differs based on the environment in which care is received. This review aims to determine whether the GSE of older adults is affected by the receipt of healthcare services, and whether GSE varies based on the setting in which care is received.
