The Institute for Global Health and Development

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/9

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 1192

Psychology Ethics Down Under: A Survey of Student Subject Pools in Australia
(Taylor and Francis Group, 1992) Diamond, Mark R; Reidpath, Daniel
A survey of the 37 psychology departments offering courses accredited by the Australian Psychological Society yielded a 92% response rate. Sixty-eight percent of departments employed students as research subjects, with larger departments being more likely to do so. Most of these departments drew their student subject pools from introductory courses. Student research participation was strictly voluntary in 57% of these departments, whereas 43% of the departments have failed to comply with normally accepted ethical standards. It is of great concern that institutional ethics committees apparently continue to condone, or fail to act against, unethical research practices. Although these committees have a duty of care to all subjects, the final responsibility for conducting research in an ethical manner lies with the individual researcher.
Vietnam: The challenge of development
(London: RIIA., 1992) Witter, Sophie
Ethics committees: is the tail wagging the dog? [letter]
(Wiley, 1993-02-01) Diamond, Mark R; Reidpath, Daniel
Are students really human? observations on institutional ethics committees
(Taylor and Francis Group, 1994) Diamond, Mark R; Reidpath, Daniel
A handful of quotations will suffice to set the stage for the discussion to follow. From the National Health and Medical Research Council (1988): Before research is undertaken, the free consent of the subject should be obtained (p. 3). Special care must be taken in relation to consent, and to safeguarding individual rights where the research involves … those in dependant relationships or comparable situations (p. 3). Volunteers may be paid for inconvenience and time spent but such payment should not be so large as to be an inducement to participate (p. 3). From the Australian Psychological Society (1986): Investigators must endeavour to ensure that participants' consent to be involved in the research is genuinely voluntary. (Section E. 7, p. 8). Investigators must not exert undue pressure on potential participants for the purpose of securing their involvement in a particular research project. (Section E. 8, p. 8). An investigator must not use a position of authority to exert undue pressure on potential subjects for the purpose of securing their participation in a particular research project. (Appendix E. 6, p. 22).
A Nonexperimental Demonstration of Anchoring Bias
(SAGE Publications, 1995-06) Reidpath, Daniel; Diamond, Mark R
Evidence for the existence of cognitive biases in controlled experimental tasks may not be evidence that such biases exist outside the laboratory. Observations of human decision-making in a nonexperimental setting (a television game show) indicated an apparently strong anchoring bias in the contestants' decisions. This spontaneous nonexperimental illustration of the anchoring bias is not only interesting in its own right but also supports assertions that experimental demonstrations of other cognitive biases may have corollaries in the real world.
Factorial-base representations and automorphic numbers
(1996) Diamond, M R; Reidpath, Daniel
'Doi moi' and health: the effect of economic reforms on the health system in Vietnam.
(Wiley InterScience, 1996-04) Witter, Sophie
The article examines changes which have taken place in the health system in Vietnam as a result of the economic reform process dating back to the late 1980s. With the liberalization of the economy have come not only growth for many, and increased choice, but also increased income and regional disparities and the problem of access to social services for those households which are less successful in the market economy. While state official policy emphasizes equity and free access to services for the poor, health costs for patients have risen substantially in the form of official and unofficial payments to staff and payments for drugs. The public sector faces an unprecedented challenge in the form of dramatic decreases in the utilization of public facilities; a shift towards self-prescription and, to a lesser extent, private practice by public employees; and, increasing reliance on foreign donors for support to preventive programmes. The article makes some recommendations on priorities for health policy in Vietnam to face these challenges.
Community financing or cost recovery: Empowerment or social dumping?
(Wiley, 1996-06) Criel, B.; De Vos, Pol; Van Lerberghe, W.; Van der Stuyft, Patrick
Rural health services in China: their relevance for Vietnam
(Wiley-Blackwell, 1997) Witter, Sophie
USA and shortage of food and medicine in Cuba [Letter]
(Elsevier, 1997-02-01) Van der Stuyft, Patrick; De Vos, Pol; Hiderbrand, Katherine
Models of Inter-Racial Offending: An Evaluation
(SAGE Publications, 1998-04) Reidpath, Daniel; Diamond, Mark R
Inter-racial offending, and the related question of racial motivation for criminal assault, is an important area of criminological research. It is a sensitive issue, however, which requires veridical models and accurate interpretation. Three models of inter-racial offending which have been previously described in the literature are contrasted and their difficulties of interpretation are discussed.
Ensuring standards of intervention in challenging behaviour: a report to the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish National Health Service Management Executive
(Queen Margaret University College, 1998-05) Ager, Alastair; O'May, Fiona
Nicaragua's debt burden: A permanent hurricane [Letter]
(Elsevier, 1998-12-19) Van der Stuyft, Patrick; De Vos, Pol
Systematic review of autoinflation for treatment of glue ear in children
(BMJ Publishing Group, 1999-05-01) Reidpath, Daniel; Glasziou, Paul P; Del Mar, Christopher
Multicultural issues in general practice
(Australian Drug Information Service, 1999-12) Reidpath, Daniel; Allotey, Pascale
People's experiences of health and illness vary widely and are affected by factors such as age, gender, education, socioeconomic status and culture. Additional factors such as language, culture and pre- and post-migration experience affect people from culturally diverse backgrounds. Individual patients are their own cultural expert; no resource can be comprehensive enough to give the health practitioner better information than asking the patient.
Informal payments in transitional economies: implications for health sector reform.
(Wiley InterScience, 2000) Thompson, Robin; Witter, Sophie
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union increasing evidence is emerging of informal payments by patients for health care services that are officially free. There is little information, however, on the characteristics of these payments and the effect that they have on health care reform initiatives. This paper examines these issues and concludes that the endemic and complex nature of such payments suggests that a range of policy tools are necessary to address the negative features of informal payments in those countries undergoing transition
Health Economics for Developing Countries. A Practical Guide.
(MacMillan Education, 2000) Witter, Sophie; Ensor, Tim; Thompson, Robin; Jowett, Matthew
Ethics and trials in developing countries: Researchers and responsibility
(Springer, 2000) Reidpath, Daniel; Allotey, Pascale; Thomas, Joe
HIV intervention trials being conducted in developing countries continue to raise questions of ethics in clinical research. Most recently these questions have arisen because of a prospective study reporting the rate of transmission in discordant couples that was conducted in Uganda. The study raises serious questions about the minimum ethical standards required for this kind of research and the responsibilities of the researchers. We re-examine that research particularly focusing on issues of informed consent and duty of care, and place this trial in the context of the broader debate.
Improving interpretability: γ as an alternative to R2 as a measure of effect size
(Wiley, 2000-05-12) Reidpath, Daniel; Diamond, Mark R; Hartel, Gunter; Glasziou, Paul
A traditional measure of effect size associated with tests for difference between two groups is the variance explained by group membership (R2). If exposure to a disease causes a small but long term deficit in performance, however, R2 does not capture that cumulating effect. We propose an alternative statistic, γ, based on the probability of an unexposed person outperforming an exposed person. Although γ is also a point estimate, it more easily conveys what the cumulating effect of a deficit would be. We discuss some of the advantages of this measure. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attributions of Negative Partner Behavior by Men Who Physically Abuse Their Partners
(Springer, 2000-06) Tonizzo, Santina; Howells, Kevin; Day, Andrew; Reidpath, Daniel; Froyland, Irene
This study investigated the association between family violence and the attributions made for negative partner behaviors in an Australian context. Three groups of men were classified as physically violent (in counseling), non-physically violent (in counseling), and non-physically violent (in the community). The Relationship Attribution Measure was used to assess the attributional dependent variables of locus, stability, globality, intent, motivation, and blame. Significant differences between violent and nonviolent men on each of the attributional dimensions were found. Physically violent men were more likely than non-physically violent men (counseling) to attribute the negative behavior of their partners to unchangeable, intentional rather than unintentional, selfishly motivated, and blameworthy causes. However, these differences disappeared when marital satisfaction was controlled. The implications of this work for domestic violence intervention programs are discussed, along with a number of methodological issues and directions for future research.