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    Augmenting frameworks for appraising the practices of community-based health interventions
    (Oxford University Press, 2009-04-20) Pérez, Dennis; Lefèvre, Pierre; Romero, Maria Isabel; Sánchez, Lizet; De Vos, Pol; Van der Stuyft, Patrick
    This paper aims at augmenting the frameworks proposed by Rifkin in 1996 to distinguish between target-oriented and empowerment approaches to participation in community-based health interventions. In her paper, Rifkin defined three criteria: who makes decisions on resource allocation, expected outcome and outcome assessment. We propose five additional criteria: the definition of community, the characteristics of the capacity-building process, the leadership characteristics, the documentation process, and ethical issues regarding participation. Derived from our analysis of a community-based project, the proposed criteria are discussed in the light of the principles of Popular Education and other literature on community participation. The augmented frameworks are intended to assist health professionals and planners interested in the empowerment approach of community participation to consciously sharpen their practice.
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    Primary Health Care in the 21st century: Primary care providers and people’s empowerment
    (Wiley, 2010-02-09) Van Olmen, Josefien; Criel, Bart; Devadasan, Narayanan; Pariyo, George; De Vos, Pol; Van Damme, Wim; Van Dormael, Monique; Marchal, Bruno; Kegels, Guy
    International health debates often confront enduring values with new realities. The events and publications surrounding the 30th anniversary of Alma Ata, the Primary Health Care (PHC) focus of the 2008 World Health Report and the report(s) of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health illustrate the durability of PHC values such as equity, self-determination, participation, trans-sectoral collaboration and the right to health (Gilson et al. 2007; Chan 2008; Lawn et al. 2008; Reich et al. 2008; Walley et al. 2008; World Health Organisation 2008; Hanson et al. 2009). Taking into account recent transitions that are changing the relationship between primary care providers and their patients, we examine the role providers can play in enhancing people’s individual and collective empowerment, an important but rather neglected component of PHC (Walley et al. 2008).