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Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Sciences

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/23

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Start date: 1991End date: 1999

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 23
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    Identification and characterization of a putative serine protease expressed in vivo by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
    (Microbiology Society, 1994-08-01) Barron, Rona; Stevenson, Karen; Inglis, Neil F.; Klausen, Joan; Sharp, J. Michael
    A putative serine protease expressed in vivo by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was isolated from a lambda gt11 genomic expression library by screening with serum from a naturally infected sheep. The gene was contained in two overlapping clones, which were shown by antibody elution to encode a protein of 34 kDa in M. a. paratuberculosis. The clones were sequenced and database searches detected a motif identical to the active serine site in trypsin, and 30% homology to the putative serine proteases (HtrA proteins) of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Brucella abortus and Rochalimaea henselae.
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    A single amino acid alteration (101L) introduced into murine PrP dramatically alters incubation time of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
    (EMBO Press, 1999-12-01) Manson, Jean C.; Jamieson, Elizabeth; Baybutt, Herbert; Tuzi, Nadia L.; Barron, Rona; McConnell, Irene; Somerville, Robert; Ironside, James; Will, Robert; Sy, Man-Sun; Melton, David W.; Hope, James; Bostock, Christopher
    A mutation equivalent to P102L in the human PrP gene, associated with Gerstmann–Straussler syndrome (GSS), has been introduced into the murine PrP gene by gene targeting. Mice homozygous for this mutation (101LL) showed no spontaneous transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) disease, but had incubation times dramatically different from wild-type mice following inoculation with different TSE sources. Inoculation with GSS produced disease in 101LL mice in 288 days. Disease was transmitted from these mice to both wild-type (226 days) and 101LL mice (148 days). In contrast, 101LL mice infected with ME7 had prolonged incubation times (338 days) compared with wild-type mice (161 days). The 101L mutation does not, therefore, produce any spontaneous genetic disease in mice but significantly alters the incubation time of TSE infection. Additionally, a rapid TSE transmission was demonstrated despite extremely low levels of disease-associated PrP.
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    Un indicateur temps-temperature a phénol oxydase pour contrôler la nourriture refrigeree
    (1997-06-19) de Sequeira, Anil; Kelly, N. A.; Trevan, M.; Reuben, B. G.; Reuben, C. A.
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    Development of enzymatic time-temperature indicators for stored foods [Oral Presentation]
    (Campden and Chorleywood Food Research Association, 1999-05-25) de Sequeira, Anil
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    The Centre for Food Research at Queen Margaret College in Edinburgh
    (1995) Looy, Anne de; Turner, Pamela
    A New Centre for Food Research was created in September 1993 at Queen Margaret College, Edinburgh. Its main purpose is to promote research into food choice, particularly factors influencing choice such as sensory, socio-cultural and nutritional aspects. Research undertaken involves a multi-disciplinary approach by bringing together expertise from various disciplines including consumer sciences, dietetics and nutrition, food science, social sciences and hospitality studies. A one-day symposium “Food research in Europe” was held in 1994 to mark the Centre's official launch. The symposium was well attended, with delegates representing a wide range of organizations in the UK and other EU countries. Presentations were given by eminent speakers and researchers – Dr David Lindsay, MAFF; Dr Ronan Gormley, The National Food Centre in Dublin; Dr David Kilcast, Leatherhead Food Research Association; Dr Wendy Brown and Dr Richard Shepherd, both from the Institute of Food Research, Reading. The centre's major research interests and activities are related to fruit and vegetable consumption (sensory qualities of apples; barriers to consumption); the relationship between snacking, body weight and physical activity; healthy eating award schemes in the UK
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    Phenotypic changes in the lipopolysaccaride of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E.coli grown in milk-based enteral nutrient solutions
    (Elsevier, 1999-01) Hodgson, Ian; Stewart, John; Fyfe, Lorna
    Previous studies have shown enteral nutritional solutions (ENS) contaminated with large numbers of microorganisms from the environment or gastrointestinal (GI) tract of patients have caused respiratory infections, acute and chronic enteritis, and septicemia. The introduction of closed- enteral feeding systems has been used to prevent contaminating organisms from entering enteral feeding systems in large numbers. However, there is some discussion as to whether this has been an effective measure in reducing ENS-related infections because there is anecdotal evidence to suggest that disease processes resulting from enteral feeding are still commonplace in the hospital and home. This is because there is very little information about the growth of microorganisms in ENS and whether growth in ENS may affect the virulence and pathogenicity of microorganisms. This study shows that Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa may grow at 25C from either high or low initial numbers to up to 9.2 log colony-forming units per mL in a range of milk-based ENS. However, these organisms did not grow in the fruit-based ENS. The effect on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of culturing E. coli and P. aeruginosa in milk-based ENS as opposed to standard laboratory media was examined using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We found that there were significant qualitative changes in the phenotype of O-polysaccharide side chains of the LPS from these organisms. O-polysaccharide is known to mediate in the complement, antibiotic and bile resistance, and affect adherence. Therefore, changes in the virulence and pathogenicity of these microorganisms when cultured in ENS may be indicated. Thus, the study provides further evidence for reevaluating the microbiologic and immunologic effects of enteral feeding, especially on the microbial flora of the GI tract.
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    Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteriditis by combinations of plant oils and derivatives of benzoic acid: the development of synergistic antimicrobial combinations.
    (International Society of Chemotherapy, 1998) Fyfe, Lorna; Armstrong, Fiona; Stewart, John
    This study describes inhibitory properties of combinations of oil of fennel, oil of anise or oil of basil with either benzoic acid or methyl-paraben against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteriditis. Micro-organisms were cultured at 37 degrees C in broth and viable counts measured over a 48-h period. S. enteriditis was particularly sensitive to inhibition by a combination of oil of anise, fennel or basil with methyl-paraben where there was < 10 CFU/ml after 1 h. L. monocytogenes was less sensitive to inhibition by each combination however there was a significant reduction in growth of 4-8 log by combinations of all oils and methyl-paraben at 8, 24 and 48 h. Synergistic inhibition by one or more combinations was evident against each micro-organism.
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    Murine immune response to recombinant HIV1 p24 core protein following subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intravenous immunisation
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 1991-11) Fyfe, Lorna; Maingay, J.; Robinson, A. C.; Howie, S. E.
    The murine immune response to baculovirus-produced human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)p24 was examined after injection by three different routes: subcutaneously (s.c.), intraperitoneally (i.p.) and intravenously (i.v.). Both antigen-specific T-cell proliferation and serum antibody were induced by i.p. injection. In contrast, s.c. and i.v. injection of antigen resulted in specific antibody generation alone. Lympho-proliferative responses seen after i.p. injection were confined to splenocytes, and were greater after a low dose of antigen than after a high dose. p24-specific proliferation was not detected in lymph node cells. CD4:CD8 ratios were normal in lymph nodes and spleen at all times, irrespective of the dose or route of administration. p24-specific serum IgG antibodies were detected in all animals after the second injection of antigen. After s.c. and i.v. administration of high doses of antigen, the median antibody titres continued to rise after a third injection, but plateaued in animals injected by the i.p. route. In contrast, low doses of antigen given i.p. increased the median titre during and after the course of four injections. A low antigen dose given s.c. resulted in a plateau of median titre between the third and fourth injections. In i.v.-injected animals the median titre decreased between the third and fourth injections. IgG1 p24-specific antibodies were detected in all immunized mice, whereas IgM antibodies were detectable only following i.p. injection of antigen.
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    Inhibition of bacteria and yeast by oil of fennel and paraben: Development of synergistic antimicrobial combinations
    (Taylor & Francis, 1998) Hodgson, Ian; Stewart, John; Fyfe, Lorna
    This study describes inhibitory properties of combinations of oil of fennel and paraben (methyl, ethyl or propyl) against C. albicans, E. coli and S. aureus. Bacteria or yeast were cultured in broth at 25C and viable counts were measured over a period of 24 h. E. coli was particularly sensitive to inhibition by each combination where there was <10 of units/mL at all times of culture. C. albicans and S. aureus were less susceptible to inhibition by the combination of oil of fennel and methyl paraben but very susceptible to inhibition by oil of fennel in combination with propyl paraben where after 4 h there was <10 cf units/mL. Synergistic inhibition by one or more combinations was evident against each microbe.
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    Murine HIV p24 specific T lymphocyte activation by different antigen presenting cells: B lumphocytes from immunised mice present core protein to T-cells
    (Elsevier, 1993-01) Fyfe, Lorna; Maingay, J P.; Howie, S. E. M.
    Mice were injected with three doses of baculovirus-produced recombinant HIV-1 p24 core protein in alum adjuvant. CD4 positive T lymphocytes from immunized animals proliferated in vitro in the presence of antigen and peritoneal macrophages (Mps) or splenic dendritic cells (DCs) from non-immunized mice as antigen presenting cells (APCs). DCs were approximately three times more efficient than Mps on a cell for cell basis. No synergy was observed between Mps and DCs in this system. B lymphocytes from immunized animals also presented p24 antigen to the specific T cells. Mps did synergize with B cells to enhance the level of T lymphocyte proliferation. This may have implications for the induction of specific immune responses to pathogens after administration of single protein vaccines.