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The Institute for Global Health and Development

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    Projecting the likely impact of COVID-19 on food and nutrition security in South Africa
    (HSRC, 2020-05-08) Nyamwanza, Admire; Sinyolo, S
    Major global outbreaks, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), had a heavy impact on food and nutrition security in the affected countries. While the long-term effects on countries' food systems will depend largely on the unique course of COVID-19, this pandemic will be no exception.
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    Women informal food traders during COVID-19: A South African case study
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2022-07-01) Sinyolo, Sikhulumile; Jacobs, Peter; Nyamwanza, Admire; Maila, Matume
    Varied roles of informal food traders, ranging from localised distribution of foods to provision of jobs, became more accentuated in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. While women might be the majority of informal food traders, they are more likely than men to suffer a heavier burden of the adverse outcomes, due to structural, social, institutional and administrative biases. This article draws from a survey of 840 informal food traders in South Africa to investigate the extent to which the impacts of COVID-19, and the government assistance measures, were gendered. Adopting a gendered lens and analysing the data using descriptive statistics, the findings show that the informal food traders experienced significant disruptions, which led to business closures, fewer customers, reduced supplies, and increased operating costs. Further, the study found that the informal enterprises operated by women experienced higher impacts than those owned by men. The analysis also shows that while access to COVID-19-related assistance from either state or non-state actors was generally limited, women had the least access to it. The findings of the study indicate that women experienced the worst economic effects of the pandemic, yet received the least assistance. This highlights the need to improve the gender sensitivity of interventions. The role of informal food traders and women in the country’s agri-food system needs to be acknowledged and harnessed. It is crucial that an updated information management system be established, that is not only inclusive of informal food traders, but that specific focus should be exerted in identifying those enterprises operated by marginalised actors, such as women.
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    Problems of Data Availability and Quality for COVID-19 and Older People in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    (Oxford University Press, 2020-10-06) Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter; Sempé, Lucas; McKee, Martin; Guntupalli, Aravinda
    For all health conditions, reliable age-disaggregated data are vital for both epidemiological analysis and monitoring the relative prioritization of different age groups in policy responses. This is especially essential in the case of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), given the strong association between age and case fatality. This paper assesses the availability and quality of age-based data on reported COVID-19 cases and deaths for low- and middle-income countries. It finds that the availability of reliable data which permit specific analyses of older people is largely absent. The paper explores the potential of excess mortality estimates as an alternative metric of the pandemic’s effects on older populations. Notwithstanding some technical challenges, this may offer a better approach, especially in countries where cause of death data are unreliable.
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    Weakening Practices Amidst Progressive Laws: Refugee Governance in Latin America during COVID-19
    (Taylor and Francis Group, 2023-10-05) Zapata, Gisela P.; Gandini, Luciana; Vera Espinoza, Marcia; Prieto Rosas, Victoria
    This paper develops a comparative assessment of the state of asylum in Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Uruguay. It argues that an accelerated weakening of refugee protection, exacerbated during the pandemic, has taken place across the region. Faced with growing mixed flows, the region’s refugee framework has either been used as an ad hoc regularization mechanism or not been broadly used. Also, pandemic mitigation measures have further weakened access to asylum, through militarization and border closures, and a platitude of deterrence practices. These regressive practices may result in the undermining, abandonment and/or replacement of the region’s widely praised refugee governance.