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Now showing 1 - 20 of 6272

10 years of the Syrian conflict: A time to act and not merely to remember [Comment]
(Elsevier, 2021-03-12) Jabbour, Samer; Leaning, Jennifer; Nuwayhid, Iman; Ager, Alastair; Cammett, Melani; Dewachi, Omar; Fouad, Fouad M.; Giacaman, Rita; Sapir, Debarati Guha; Hage, Ghassan; Majed, Ziad; Nasser, Rabie; Sparrow, Annie; Spiegel, Paul; Tarakji, Ahmad; Whitson, Sarah Leah; Yassin, Nasser
100 key research questions for the post-2015 development agenda
(ODI, 2015-12-13) Oldekop, Johan A.; Fontana, Lorenza B.; Grugel, Jean; Roughton, Nicole; Adu-Ampong, Emmanuel A.; Bird, Gemma K.; Dorgan, Alex; Vera Espinoza, Marcia; Wallin, Sara; Hammett, Daniel; Agbarakwe, Esther; Agrawal, Arun; Asylbekova, Nurgul; Azkoul, Clarissa; Bardsley, Craig; Bebbington, Anthony J.; Carvalho, Savio; Chopra, Deepta; Christopoulos, Stamatios; Crewe, Emma; Dop, Marie-Claude; Fischer, Joern; Gerretsen, Daan; Glennie, Jonathan; Gois, William; Gondwe, Mtinkheni; Harrison, Lizz A.; Hujo, Katja; Keen, Mark; Laserna, Roberto; Miggiano, Luca; Mistry, Sarah; Morgan, Rosemary J.; Raftree, Linda L.; Rhind, Duncan; Rodrigues, Thiago; Roschnik, Sonia; Senkubuge, Flavia; Thornton, Ian; Trace, Simon; Ore, Teresa; Valdés, René Mauricio; Vira, Bhaskar; Yeates, Nicola; Sutherland, William J.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) herald a new phase for international development. This article presents the results of a consultative exercise to collaboratively identify 100 research questions of critical importance for the post-2015 international development agenda. The final shortlist is grouped into nine thematic areas and was selected by 21 representatives of international and non-governmental organisations and consultancies, and 14 academics with diverse disciplinary expertise from an initial pool of 704 questions submitted by 110 organisations based in 34 countries. The shortlist includes questions addressing long-standing problems, new challenges and broader issues related to development policies, practices and institutions. Collectively, these questions are relevant for future development-related research priorities of governmental and non-governmental organisations worldwide and could act as focal points for transdisciplinary research collaborations.
1001 Nights and anime: The adaptation of transnational folklore in Tezuka Osamu’s Senya ichiya monogatari / A Thousand and One Nights (1969)
(Open Library of Humanities, 2021-06-01) Denison, Rayna; Van de Peer, Stefanie
Anthologising folktales from across the Middle East to North Africa, the inherently transnational 1001 Nights has become one of the most adapted works in the history of folklore (Zipes et al 2015). The tales have been adapted globally into works ranging from literature to theatre, from radio to film and animation. Historically, the 1001 Nights have served as inspiration for some of the very first animated experiments, from Lotte Reiniger’s The Adventures of Prince Achmed (1926) to the Fleischer Studios’ 1936 Popeye the Saylor meets Sinbad the Sailor. One of the influences of the 1001 Nights can be found in Japanese culture (Nishio and Yamanaka, 2006). First translated into Japanese in 1875, the 1001 Nights quickly went on to take a hold of Japanese literature, and more recently it has become the basis for numerous manga and anime adaptations. This article investigates how one Japanese adaptation, Osamu Tezuka’s Senya Ichiya Monogatari (dir. Eiichi Yamamoto, 1969), expands the transnational potential of the original. In exploring how the 1001 Nights have become and remain integral to a transnational repertoire of animated storytelling, we highlight the elasticity and transnationality of 1001 Nights and the impact of its cultural localisation. We argue that the original’s structural and thematic emphasis on journeys, quests and flows provides the Japanese filmmakers with content that allows them to reach out to international distributors, making this early ‘anime’ film transnational in its own right. Through such means, the reciprocal flows of transnationalism within the 1001 Nights and its adaptations offer a mechanism for rethinking the relationship among Middle Eastern, North African and Japanese storytelling as a sometimes shared folklore.
The 101L mutation in murine PrP can alter transmission across three species barriers
(2002) Barron, Rona; Jamieson, Elizabeth; Thomson, Val; Melton, David W.; Will, Robert; Ironside, James; Manson, Jean C.
133 Integrating refugees into inclusive health financing systems
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2025-12-08) Mladovsky, Philipa; Bozorgmehr, Kayvan; Witter, Sophie; Bertone, Maria Paola; Severoni, Santino
WKS 15: Integrating refugees into inclusive health financing systems, B305 (FCSH), September 4, 2025, 13:30 - 14:30 Rationales and Purpose Integration of refugees and migrants into health systems is a global priority. Yet to date, the focus has been on health service integration, overlooking important technical and political considerations in the field of health financing. The workshop will (a) strengthen the competency of participants in understanding opportunities and challenges of refugee health financing integration and (b) identify areas for future research. We will build on a WHO Global evidence review on health and migration (GEHM) report (in press) and ongoing research in this field. Methods/Process of Workshop The seminar will establish shared conceptual frameworks and provide examples from the field. We will demonstrate that health financing functions and principles, such as pooling, equity and reducing fragmentation, align strongly with refugee and migrant integration. Evidence and lessons from recently completed scoping literature reviews on integrating refugees into health financing systems in Europe, as well as fragile and conflict-affected states, will be presented. Participants will be invited to draw on their experiences of successes and limitations of refugee health financing integration, provide policy insights, reflect on the applicability of the conceptual frameworks, and propose future research directions in this emerging field. Projected Learning Outcomes 1. Participants will learn about mechanisms for promoting financial sustainability, such as facilitating broader risk pools, effective purchasing of quality health care and enhancing transparency and accountability of health financing. 2.Groupwork will facilitate networking, collaboration and innovative, critical thinking among researchers and policymakers in the under-researched area of refugee health financing.
23 The Impact of Entrepreneurial Capital on Preferences for External Financing: An Empirical Study of Ethnic Minority Business Owners in the UK
(De Gruyter, 2023-11-06) Bhusal, Ramchandra; Dabić, Marina; Kraus, Sascha
This chapter examines the impact of entrepreneurial capital (a pool of social, cultural and human capital) on preferences for external financing among ethnic minority business owners in the UK. The findings show that entrepreneurial capital has an impact on ethnic entrepreneurs’ finance seeking behaviours. More specifically, entrepreneurs who choose to embrace extended social networks prefer bank financing and ethnic entrepreneurs who embrace multiculturalism and have a propensity for acculturation prefer alternative sources of financing. Similarly, business owners with postgraduate education have aa positive preference for alternative financing and a high level of education has a positive impact on shaping preferences for asset financing. The empirical study is based on 114 responses obtained through three different survey approaches. Multiple regression models are used to analyze data. This study provides a number of recommendations for policymakers, finance providers and practitioners. © 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
239 Functional activities during which the community-dwelling ageing population in the UK may experience near-falls: a modified Delphi consensus development study [Abstract]
(Elsevier, 2025-03-27) Qashwa, Yazeed; Tan, C.-W.; Long, Joanna; Lane, Judith
25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in paediatric cancer patients from Scotland: A prospective cohort study
(Cambridge University Press, 2016-12-15) Revuelta-Iniesta, Raquel; Paciarotti, Ilenia; Davidson, Isobel; McKenzie, Jane; Brand, Celia; Chin, Richard; Brougham, Mark FH; Wilson, D. C.
Children with cancer are potentially at high risk of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] inadequacy and despite UK vitamin D supplementation guidelines their implementation remains inconsistent. Thus, we aimed to investigate 25(OH)D concentration and factors contributing to 25(OH)D inadequacy in paediatric cancer patients. A prospective cohort study of Scottish children aged <18 years, diagnosed with and treated for cancer (patients) between Aug 2010-Jan 2014 was performed, with control data from Scottish healthy children (controls). Clinical and nutritional data were collected at defined periods up to 24 months. 25(OH)D status was defined by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2013); inadequacy [<50 nmol/L: deficiency (<25 nmol/L), insufficiency (25-50 nmol/L)], sufficiency (51-75 nmol/L), optimal (>75 nmol/L). Eighty-two patients [median(IQR) age 3.9(1.9-8.8); 56% males)] and 35 controls [median(IQR) age (6.2(4.8-9.1); 49% males] were recruited. 25(OH)D inadequacy was highly prevalent in the controls (63%; 22/35), and in the patients (64%; 42/65) at both baseline and during treatment (33-50%). Non-supplemented children had the highest prevalence of 25(OH)D inadequacy at every stage with 25(OH)D median(IQR) ranging from 32.0 (21.0-46.5) nmol/L to 45.0(28.0-64.5) nmol/L. Older age at baseline [R=-0.46; p<0.001], overnutrition (BMI ≥85th centile) at 3 months [p=0.005; RR=3.1] and not being supplemented at 6 months (p=0.04; RR=4.3) may have contributed to lower plasma 25(OH)D. Paediatric cancer patients are not at higher risk of 25(OH)D inadequacy than healthy children at diagnosis; however prevalence of 25(OH)D inadequacy is still high and non-supplemented children have a higher risk. Appropriate monitoring and therapeutic supplementation should be implemented.
25. Upper limb morbidity after treatment for breast cancer: A cross-sectional study of lymphedema and function
(2012-11) Bulley, Catherine; Coutts, Fiona; Blyth, Christine; Jack, Wilma; Chetty, Udi; Tan, Chee-Wee; Barber, Matthew; Breast Cancer Institute
Introduction: This study explored the prevalence of impaired upper limb function (ULF) and lymphoedema (LO) after breast cancer treatment, their relationships with each other, quality of life, and with patient/treatment characteristics.
285 Strengthening health system financing in complex humanitarian contexts: analysis from Northwest Syria and its implications for other disrupted contexts [Abstract]
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2025-12-01) Bou-Orm, Ibrahim; Ekzayez, Abdulkarim; Mazumdar, Sumit; Witter, Sophie; Fouad, Fouad
PTH 8: Miscellaneous 1, B304 (FCSH), September 5, 2025, 11:30 - 12:30 Aims In Northwest Syria, successive periods of protracted war and forced displacement have led to shifting, fragile, and donor-dependent health systems. Our study aims to contribute to actionable evidence on the optimal use of scarce financial resources to reduce fragmentation, increase resilience, and build sustainability in the context of Northwest Syria and similar areas which lack strong governance and/or state presence. Methods The study took a mixed methods case study approach, using data from (1) a desk review of key reports, agency publications, and relevant databases, (2) key informant interviews and (3) an expert meeting, including drawing on the expertise of the research group. These were analysed thematically and used to develop causal loop diagrams that capture the complexities of financing in this setting. Findings were then compared with international health financing guidance to probe how fit this guidance is for disputed areas and protracted emergency settings. Results We present a diagnostic of financing arrangements in Northwest Syria, using the framework of the WHO Health Financing Progress Matrix (HFPM), highlighting specific financing bottlenecks, especially around coordination across the multiple actors, and propose interventions to support sustainable health financing and system recovery. We also propose areas of adaptation of the framework to make it more suitable to these disrupted settings. Conclusions We highlight health financing challenges but also opportunities for system strengthening in northwest Syria. While specific, these challenges reflect features that are commonly found in other disrupted settings, so better understanding of their nature and how to address them is important for moving ahead with UHC globally. Suggested adaptations of the HFPM for complex emergency and disputed settings is also a contribution to the development of this important normative and measurement tool.
295 Health without borders: rethinking cross-border health systems for migrants and displaced communities
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2025-12-08) Than, Kyu Kyu; Bertone, Maria Paola; Chavez, Cesar Rodriguez; Fouad, Fouad; Bou-Orm, Ibrahim
WKS 24: Health Without Borders: Rethinking Cross-Border Health Systems for Migrants and Displaced Communities, B203 (FCSH), September 4, 2025, 16:00 - 17:00 Background and objectives State-centric health systems inherently fail vulnerable populations such as displaced people living in or across border regions, or those trapped between power borders. These systems, designed around national sovereignty and territorial governance, often neglect the transnational realities of migration, conflict, and displacement. As a result, millions of displaced populations in borderlands from Myanmar to Syria and the Mexico-Guatemala corridor remain caught in limbo, navigating complex humanitarian and political landscapes with limited access to essential health services. This roundtable will critically examine the conceptualization and practicality of cross-border health systems as an alternative to top-down, state-centric models. Workshop Plan The session will feature short presentations or reflections (5-7 minutes per speaker) from scholars working on cross-border health systems in Myanmar, Syria, Lebanon and the Mexico-Guatemala corridor, highlighting key challenges and innovations. A moderated discussion (20 minutes) will follow focusing on governance beyond state borders, decolonizing health system design, and the role of non-state actors in delivering care. Using a participatory approach, the session will then engage the audience through live polling throughout the session and reflections to capture diverse perspectives from the audience (30 minutes). The roundtable will conclude with a synthesis of key takeaways, offering policy recommendations and research priorities, aiming to advance research and practice towards health systems that prioritize people over borders. Main Messages A migrant-centred health system challenges traditional state-centric healthcare models, advocating for a paradigm shift towards inclusive, resilient, and cross-border approaches. The roundtable will identify challenges and opportunities to rethink and redesign health systems that are centred around the needs displaced populations in politically contested regions.
34 Gender Difference in the Association between Handgrip Strength and Cognitive Performance of Older Adults in Rural Malaysia
(Oxford University Press, 2019-12-20) Moffat, Emily; Stephan, Blossom CM; Allotey, Pascale; Reidpath, Daniel
Introduction Handgrip strength is an easy and safe measurement to evaluate the physical functioning of older adults. Lower hand grip strength is associated with cognitive decline, and can be used as an effective method for early detection of cognitive impairment. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the gender differences in association between hand grip strength and cognitive performance among older adults in rural Malaysia Methods This was a cross-sectional study done among 200 community dwelling older adults (100 men and 100 women) aged ≥ 50 years. The study was embedded in the ongoing longitudinal study of South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO) in Segamat district of Johor, Malaysia. Data was collected by trained data collectors during home visits. Cognitive performance was assessed using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Hand grip strength was measured using digital grip dynamometer. Results The mean age of study participants was 61.5 years (SD= 8.4). Women had lower mean hand grip strength (19.8, SD=5.6) compared to men (33.4, SD= 8.2). The mean MMSE score for women and men were 23 (SD= 4.5) and 25.1(SD=3) respectively. Cognitive impairment was detected in 26% of men and 21% of women. Hand grip strength showed positive association with MMSE score, among women (ß coefficient= 0.302, p<0.001), but not among men (p= 0.077). Hand grip strength was significantly association with MMSE score among women (ß coefficient=0.162, 95% CI = 0.026- 0.298; p=0.02) after controlling for age, level of education and body mass index. Conclusion The study shows that lower hand grip strength is associated with poor cognitive performance among women, while hand grip strength is not associated with cognitive performance among men.
354 To refer or not to refer?: ethical challenges of appropriate patient selection to obtain optimum survival and quality of life post lung transplant
(ScienceDirect, 2017-06) Robertson, Julie; MacDonald, Kath
Objectives: We present a case study which raises several ethical issues as to refer or not to refer and seek discussion and debate within this session. Currently in the UK there are 321 patients on the active lung transplant list. With a shortfall of available suitable organs, not all patients will receive a transplant. Up to 1 in 6 patients on the active lung transplant list die or become too sick to receive a graft. Successful transplant can achieve a 60% survival to 5 years. Contraindications to transplant can be physical and or psychosocial. This limited supply highlights the responsibility of CF teams to have consensus on referring candidates that are most likely to benefit from receiving this limited resource. The CF team need to be honest with patients and give a realistic account of process, outcomes and survival before a referral is made.
366 Opening the black box of cognitive functional therapy: a review using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist [Abstract]
(Elsevier, 2025-03-27) Qashwa, Yazeed; Gray, H.
398 Exploring experiences of the in-patient ward round with young people with CF
(ScienceDirect, 2017-06) MacDonald, Kath; Mathews, A.
Objectives: The in-patient ward round, which involves a bedside visit by members of the multidisciplinary team to discuss treatment, progress and discharge plans, is central to the patient experience. However, its impact upon patients is often underestimated [1]. Research suggests that patients can feel anxious or dissatisfied with this vital clinical activity, as echoed by some patients in our Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Service. Our aim was to gain a better understanding of patient perspectives of our in-house ward round with a view to service improvement, if needed.
4 Cuadras a la Redonda. Diagnóstico y perspectivas de las radios comunitarias de la Región Metropolitana
(Instituto de la Comunicación e Imagen, Universidad de Chile, 2005) Rodríguez, Raúl; Vera Espinoza, Marcia
La radio comunitaria es un instrumento democratizador de las comunicaciones, en el proceso de generar relaciones que fortalezcan la identidad de lo propio, del entorno, el barrio o la comuna. Constituye, por tanto, una dimensión importante en el ejercicio del Derecho a la Comunicación y la Libertad de Expresión. El presente trabajo compila investigaciones exploratorias referidas a la acción local de las radios comunitarias, la ley de mínima cobertura y la evaluación de las radios comunitarias de Santiago, entre otras.
434 Towards a climate-resilient and inclusive health system: policy context and climate actions at subnational level in Nepal [Abstract]
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2025-12-08) Bhatta, Bharat Raj; Regmi, Shophika; Joshi, Yadav; Rijal, Aney; Raven, Joanna; Witter, Sophie; Baral, Sushil; Baral, Sushil C.
OP 24: Refugees and Asylum Seekers 2, B210 (FCSH), September 4, 2025, 14:45 - 15:45 Aims Nepal ranks as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, facing extreme weather events and health risks. Limited evidence exists on the understanding and capacity of local health systems regarding climate change and health. Thus, this study aimed to review current policies, explore stakeholders’ and community members’ understanding and assess the preparedness of local health systems to address climate change-related health risks. Methods We employed a mixed methods approach, including policy and literature review and qualitative data collection. This involved 24 key informant interviews with stakeholders in three municipalities of Lumbini, Karnali and Bagmati Provinces in Nepal. The informants were from the health, environment, infrastructure, agriculture, and?livestock sectors. We also conducted five focused group discussion?with community members. We analyzed the data thematically. Results Nepal has developed policies on climate resilience and adaptation, but they lack clear guidance on building a climate-resilient health system. The stakeholders at subnational level have limited awareness of these policies due to insufficient orientation. Climate change is not a priority in local health plans due to resource constraints and capacity issues, with a focus on response rather than preparedness. The health system showed low resilience to climate risks. Community findings showed that recurrent climate-induced displacement in riverine areas led to economic hardship, forced migration, and increased health disparities, including rising mosquito- mosquito-borne diseases and mental distress. Conclusions Despite the existence of federal policies, there is a gap in their translation at the local level, and local health systems are inadequately prepared for the evolving climate crisis. It is crucial to communicate these policies to subnational levels and support local health systems in strengthening preparedness. Further, urgent interventions such as sustainable flood protection, resilient housing, and inclusive health services are essential to address migration-related health inequities and ensure long-term community stability.
445 A community-based intervention to promote influenza vaccine uptake among East London minority ethnicity (ME) populations and persons with low income: randomised pilot and feasibility trial
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2025-12-08) Hindes, Iona; Chaudhry, Tahreem; Tum, Patricia; Alexandris, P; Brentnall, Adam; Gabe, R; Smethurst, Hector; Kielmann, Karina; Kunst, Heinke; Hargraeves, Sally; Campbell, Colin; Griffiths, Chris; Zenner, Dominik
OP 33: Diseases and Interventions 1, B304 (FCSH), September 5, 2025, 09:00 - 10:00 Aims Influenza vaccination among underserved groups remains lower than in general populations. We co-designed a multilingual patient engagement tool (PET) which included an interactive text-messaging and appointment booking tool. We aimed to determine the feasibility and practicality of the PET to inform the design for a subsequent trial of influenza vaccine uptake Methods We co-designed the PET with patients and healthcare workers and 1:1 randomised six general practices in East London. Participants were blinded to allocation; practice staff were not. Non-vaccinated non-dissenting participants from minority ethnicity (ME) and low-income populations were eligible for the study. The primary outcome was vaccination uptake up to 180 days after randomisation; ascertained through electronic health records. Results Excluding patients who dissented (10.1%), lacked valid contact details (12.9%) or other reasons (14.4%), we randomised 5903 patients, 2933 to the intervention group and 2970 to the control group. Three GP practices were randomised into early and late start respectively. The median age was 49y (IQR 37-63y), in a diverse population (Asian 53%, Black 17%, White 7.1%, Mixed 0.7%, Other 12%; Index of multiple deprivation (IMD) quintiles 1 and 2, 95%). Intervention delivery was 27.6%, and 20 patients (2.6%) booked a vaccination. 143/2494 (5.7%, CI 4.9-6.7%) patients in the intervention and 155/2537 (6.1%, CI 5.1-7.1%) patients in the control group were vaccinated (odds ratio 0.93; CI 0.73-1.19). Vaccination uptake amongst patients who booked a vaccination was 70%. Conclusions This pilot study supports the feasibility of components for a larger trial to assess the effectiveness of PETs to improve vaccination rates in ME groups and those living in high deprivation. Key learning includes improvements in the intervention implementation and timing, and improved outcome ascertainment. Greater coordination and support between sites and trial teams could lead to effective evaluation of PETs.
50+ Foot Challenges: Assessment and Evidence-Based Management
(Elsevier, 2009) Thomson, Colin E.; Gibson, J. N. A.
The new 50+ Foot Challenges: Assessment and Evidence-based management retains all the benefits of the popular first edition but adds more cases, more illustrations, new sections and invaluable appendices. The same illustrated case-history format as in the first edition presents readers with the clinical problems of each disorder. In each case, a problem-solving approach is encouraged through a question-and-answer format. This guides the reader to the appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan. Clinical tips for improving practice are included and each study concludes with a short list of key points and references to further reading. All those involved in the care and management of patients with foot conditions will find this book an invaluable aide-memoire and guide to their daily practice.
570 Approaching data collection in a liminal health system: engaging migrants and internally displaced communities along the Thailand–Myanmar border
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2025-12-08) La, Thazin; DiStefano, Lydia; Win, Hay Mar; Traill, Tom; Tartaggia, Julie; Bertone, Maria Paola; Witter, Sophie; Than, Kyu Kyu
EP2.4, e-Poster Terminal 2, September 4, 2025, 11:35 - 12:55 Aims People from Myanmar, are one of the most migrated and displaced population in the Southeast Asia region after its 2021 political turmoil. It is estimated that 70% of these migrants move to Thailand particularly along the Myanmar Thai eastern border. In this area, access to healthcare a significant challenge, addressed by a constellation of diverse stakeholders and actors. This study explores how researchers ethically approach data collection in politically sensitive and insecure border regions. Methods The research is part of the study on the liminal Health System along the Thailand–Myanmar border. Fieldwork was conducted in Mae Sot, Thailand, and Myawaddy, Myanmar—areas characterized by high mobility, political unrest, and under resourced health infrastructures. To ensure participant safety and data integrity, the researchers obtained ethical approval from international and border area ethical committees. Early consultations with community-based healthcare providers guided the proposal development and participant recruitment strategies. A stakeholder workshop was conducted to map the local health system and care-seeking pathways using case-based discussions. Participants were recruited for interviews with support from trusted service providers and were scheduled at times and locations chosen by the participants, with attention to personal safety and confidentiality. Following data collection, research findings were shared with stakeholders to verify accuracy and ensure the protection of participants from any harm. The research team finalized the findings by incorporating stakeholder’s feedback. This process also contributed to building and maintaining trust with the community. Results Engaging hidden populations required trust-based relationships, flexible recruitment strategies, and culturally sensitive communication. The dual ethical review process and partnerships with local actors played a critical role in managing risks and enhancing community acceptance. Conclusion Approaching, data collection in fragile settings necessitates ethical rigor, strategic stakeholder engagement, transparent practices and respectful collaboration for accessing and accurately representing the voices of marginalized communities.